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change the gloss for {ba'o}, change the Chnese example with {ba'o} #325

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change the gloss for {ba'o}, change the Chnese example with {ba'o} #325

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18 changes: 9 additions & 9 deletions chapters/10.xml
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Expand Up @@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@
<cmavo-entry>
<cmavo>ba'o</cmavo>
<selmaho>ZAhO</selmaho>
<description>perfective</description>
<description>retrospective</description>
</cmavo-entry>
<cmavo-entry>
<cmavo>co'a</cmavo>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@

</cmavo-entry>
</cmavo-list>
<para role="indent"> <indexterm type="general"><primary>aspect</primary><secondary>natural languages compared with respect to</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>aspect</primary><secondary>expressing</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>resumptive event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>pausative event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>achievative event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>superfective event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>completitive event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>cessitive event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>initiative event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>perfective event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>continuitive event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>inchoative event contour</primary></indexterm> The cmavo of selma'o ZAhO express the Lojban version of what is traditionally called
<para role="indent"> <indexterm type="general"><primary>aspect</primary><secondary>natural languages compared with respect to</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>aspect</primary><secondary>expressing</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>resumptive event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>pausative event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>achievative event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>superfective event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>completitive event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>cessitive event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>initiative event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>retrospective event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>continuitive event contour</primary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>inchoative event contour</primary></indexterm> The cmavo of selma'o ZAhO express the Lojban version of what is traditionally called
<quote>aspect</quote>. This is not a notion well expressed by English tenses, but many languages (including Chinese and Russian among Lojban's six source languages) consider it more important than the specification of mere position in time.</para>


Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1288,13 +1288,13 @@
</title>
<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>le verba ba'o cadzu le bisli</jbo>
<gloss>The child [perfective] walks-on the ice.</gloss>
<natlang>The child is finished walking on the ice.</natlang>
<gloss>The child [retrospective] walks-on the ice.</gloss>
<natlang>The child is no longer walking on the ice.</natlang>

</interlinear-gloss>
</example>
<para role="indent">
<indexterm type="general"><primary>tense direction</primary><secondary>contrasted with event contours in implication of extent</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>contrasted with tense direction in implication of extent</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>implications on scope of event</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>perfective</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>continuitive</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>inchoative</secondary></indexterm> As discussed in
<indexterm type="general"><primary>tense direction</primary><secondary>contrasted with event contours in implication of extent</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>contrasted with tense direction in implication of extent</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>implications on scope of event</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>retrospective</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>continuitive</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type="general"><primary>event contours</primary><secondary>inchoative</secondary></indexterm> As discussed in
<xref linkend="section-vagueness"/>, the simple PU cmavo make no assumptions about whether the scope of a past, present, or future event extends into one of the other tenses as well.

<xref linkend="example-random-id-qdwz"/> through
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@
</title>
<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>mi morsi ba'o le nu mi jmive</jbo>
<gloss>I am-dead [perfective] the event-of I live.</gloss>
<gloss>I am-dead [retrospective] the event-of I live.</gloss>
<natlang>I die in the aftermath of my living.</natlang>

</interlinear-gloss>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1716,7 +1716,7 @@
</title>
<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>mi klama le zarci ba'o le nu mi citka</jbo>
<gloss>I go-to the store [perfective] the event-of I eat</gloss>
<gloss>I go-to the store [retrospective] the event-of I eat</gloss>
</interlinear-gloss>
</example>
<para role="noindent">would indicate that I go to the store after I am finished eating.</para>
Expand All @@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@
</interlinear-gloss>
<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>… fe'e ba'o le lalxu</jbo>
<gloss>… [space] [perfective] the lake.</gloss>
<gloss>… [space] [retrospective] the lake.</gloss>
<natlang>The boat sailed for too long and beyond the lake.</natlang>
</interlinear-gloss>
</example>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1954,7 +1954,7 @@
</title>
<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>mi pu klama le ba'o zarci</jbo>
<gloss>I [past] go-to the [perfective] market</gloss>
<gloss>I [past] go-to the [retrospective] market</gloss>
<natlang>I went to the former market.</natlang>

</interlinear-gloss>
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9 changes: 5 additions & 4 deletions chapters/19.xml
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Expand Up @@ -169,7 +169,8 @@
<anchor xml:id="c19e4d2"/>
</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para xml:lang="zh"> zhe<superscript>4</superscript> xiao<superscript>1</superscript>xi<superscript>2</superscript> : wo<superscript>3</superscript> zhi<superscript>1</superscript>dao le </para></listitem>
<listitem><para xml:lang="zh">这消息我知道了。</para></listitem>
<listitem><para xml:lang="zh">zhe<superscript>4</superscript> xiao<superscript>1</superscript>xi<superscript>2</superscript> : wo<superscript>3</superscript> zhi<superscript>1</superscript>dao le</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>this news : I know [perfective]</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>As for this news, I knew it.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>I've heard this news already.</para></listitem>
Expand All @@ -187,8 +188,8 @@
<indexterm type="example"><primary>news</primary></indexterm>
</title>
<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>le nuzba zo'u mi ba'o djuno</jbo>
<gloss>The news : I [perfective] know.</gloss>
<jbo>le nuzba zo'u mi co'i djuno</jbo>
<gloss>The news : I [achievative] know.</gloss>

</interlinear-gloss>
</example>
Expand All @@ -202,7 +203,7 @@
<indexterm type="example"><primary>news</primary></indexterm>
</title>
<interlinear-gloss>
<jbo>mi ba'o djuno le nuzba</jbo>
<jbo>mi co'i djuno le nuzba</jbo>
<gloss>I [perfective] know the news.</gloss>

</interlinear-gloss>
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