model_uri_spec.rb

# coding: utf-8
require_relative 'spec_helper'

describe RDF::URI do
  it "should be instantiable" do
    expect { described_class.new('https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf') }.not_to raise_error
  end

  describe ".intern" do
    before(:each) do
      RDF::URI.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)
      RDF.config.cache_size = -1
      RDF.config.uri_cache_size = nil
    end
    it "caches URI instance" do
      RDF::URI.intern("a")
      expect(RDF::URI.instance_variable_get(:@cache)[:a]).to eq RDF::URI("a")
    end

    it "freezes instance" do
      expect(RDF::URI.intern("a")).to be_frozen
    end

    it "freezes an instance with options" do
      expect(RDF::URI.intern("http://example.org/", validate: true)).to be_frozen
    end

    it "does not use #to_hash given a URI" do
      expect {RDF::URI.intern(RDF::URI("a"))}.not_to write.to(:error)
    end

    it "defaults cache size to -1" do
      RDF::URI.intern(RDF::URI("a"))
      expect(RDF::URI.instance_variable_get(:@cache).capacity).to eq(-1)
    end

    it "defaults cache size to configured cache_size" do
      RDF.config.cache_size = 10_000
      RDF::URI.intern(RDF::URI("a"))
      expect(RDF::URI.instance_variable_get(:@cache).capacity).to eq(10_000)
    end

    it "defaults cache size to configured uri_cache_size" do
      RDF.config.cache_size = 10_000
      RDF.config.uri_cache_size = 5_000
      RDF::URI.intern(RDF::URI("a"))
      expect(RDF::URI.instance_variable_get(:@cache).capacity).to eq(5_000)
    end
  end

  describe ".parse" do
    it "creates a URI" do
      expect(RDF::URI.parse("a")).to be_a(RDF::URI)
    end
  end

  context "as method" do
    it "with URI args" do
      expect(described_class).to receive(:new).with("http://example/", any_args)
      RDF::URI("http://example/")
    end

    it "with hash arg" do
      expect(described_class).to receive(:new).with({scheme: "http",
        user: "user",
        password: "password",
        host: "example.com",
        port: 8080,
        path: "/path",
        query: "query=value",
        fragment: "fragment"})
      RDF::URI.new({
        scheme: "http",
        user: "user",
        password: "password",
        host: "example.com",
        port: 8080,
        path: "/path",
        query: "query=value",
        fragment: "fragment"})
    end
  end

  describe "#initialize" do
    it "should recognize URNs" do
      urns = %w(urn:isbn:0451450523 urn:isan:0000-0000-9E59-0000-O-0000-0000-2 urn:issn:0167-6423 urn:ietf:rfc:2648 urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001 urn:oid:2.16.840 urn:uuid:6e8bc430-9c3a-11d9-9669-0800200c9a66 urn:uci:I001+SBSi-B10000083052)
      urns.each do |urn|
        uri = described_class.new(urn)
        expect(uri).to be_a_uri
        expect(uri).to respond_to(:urn?)
        expect(uri).to be_a_urn
        expect(uri).not_to be_a_url
      end
    end

    it "should recognize URLs" do
      urls = %w(mailto:jhacker@example.org http://example.org/ ftp://example.org/)
      urls.each do |url|
        uri = described_class.new(url)
        expect(uri).to be_a_uri
        expect(uri).to respond_to(:url?)
        expect(uri).to be_a_url
        expect(uri).not_to be_a_urn
       end
    end

    it "should canonicalize input with :canonicalize" do
      allow_any_instance_of(RDF::URI).to receive(:canonicalize!).and_raise(ArgumentError)
      expect { RDF::URI("foo", canonicalize: true) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
    end

    it "should validate input with :validate" do
      allow_any_instance_of(RDF::URI).to receive(:valid?).and_return(false)
      expect { RDF::URI("foo", validate: true) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
    end

    context "with hash" do
      context "simple" do
        subject {
          RDF::URI.new(
            scheme: "http",
            user: "user",
            password: "password",
            host: "example.com",
            port: 8080,
            path: "/path",
            query: "query=value",
            fragment: "fragment"
          )
        }

        {
          scheme: "http",
          user: "user",
          password: "password",
          userinfo: "user:password",
          host: "example.com",
          port: 8080,
          authority: "user:password@example.com:8080",
          path: "/path",
          query: "query=value",
          fragment: "fragment"
        }.each do |method, value|
          its(method) {is_expected.to eq value}
          its("normalized_#{method}".to_sym) {is_expected.to eq value}
        end

        its(:value) {is_expected.to eq "http://user:password@example.com:8080/path?query=value#fragment"}
      end

      {
        "//user@example.com" => {authority: "user@example.com"},
        "http://example.com/path" => {scheme: "http", host: "example.com", path: "path"},
        "http:path" => {scheme: "http", path: "path"},
        "http://resource1" => {scheme: "http", host: "resource1", path: ""}
      }.each do |value, object|
        it "creates #{value}" do
          expect(RDF::URI(**object).to_s).to eq value
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#freeze" do
    subject {RDF::URI("HTTP://example.com.:%38%30/%70a%74%68?a=%31#1%323").freeze}
    {
      scheme: "HTTP",
      user: nil,
      password: nil,
      userinfo: nil,
      host: "example.com.",
      port: 80,
      authority: "example.com.:%38%30",
      path: "/%70a%74%68",
      query: "a=%31",
      fragment: "1%323"
    }.each do |method, value|
      its(method) {is_expected.to eq value}
    end

    {
      scheme: "http",
      user: nil,
      password: nil,
      userinfo: nil,
      host: "example.com",
      port: nil,
      authority: "example.com",
      path: "/path",
      query: "a=1",
      fragment: "123"
    }.each do |method, value|
      its("normalized_#{method}".to_sym) {is_expected.to eq value}
    end

    its(:value) {is_expected.to eq "HTTP://example.com.:%38%30/%70a%74%68?a=%31#1%323"}
    it "encoding should be UTF-8" do
      expect(subject.value.encoding).to eq Encoding::UTF_8
    end
  end

  describe "#parse" do
    {
      "http://user:password@example.com:8080/path?query=value#fragment" => {
        scheme: "http",
        user: "user",
        password: "password",
        userinfo: "user:password",
        host: "example.com",
        port: 8080,
        authority: "user:password@example.com:8080",
        path: "/path",
        query: "query=value",
        fragment: "fragment"
      },
      #"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one" => {
      #  scheme: "ldap",
      #  host: "[2001:db8::7]",
      #  path: "/c=GB",
      #  query: "objectClass?one",
      #},
      "mailto:John.Doe@example.com" => {
        scheme: "mailto",
        host: nil,
        authority: nil,
        path: "John.Doe@example.com"
      },
      "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix" => {
        scheme: "news",
        host: nil,
        authority: nil,
        path: "comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix"
      },
      "tel:+1-816-555-1212" => {
        scheme: "tel",
        path: "+1-816-555-1212"
      },
      "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2" => {
        scheme: "urn",
        path: "oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2",
      }
    }.each do |uri, object|
      context uri do
        subject {RDF::URI.new.parse(uri)}
        object.each do |key, value|
          it "#{key} should == #{value.inspect}" do
            expect(subject[key]).to eq value
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#hash" do
    it "should have a consistent hash code" do
      hash1 = described_class.new('https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf').hash
      hash2 = described_class.new('https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf').hash
      expect(hash1).to eq hash2
    end
  end

  describe "#dup" do
    let!(:uri1) {described_class.new('https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf')}
    let!(:uri2) {uri1.dup}
    
    describe "original" do
      subject {uri1}
      its(:path) {is_expected.to eq uri2.path}
      it {is_expected.not_to equal(uri2)}
      it {is_expected.to eql(uri2)}
      it {is_expected.to eq uri2}
    end

    describe "with altered path" do
      subject {uri1.path = '/rdf/'; uri1}
      its(:path) {is_expected.not_to eq uri2.path}
      it {is_expected.not_to equal(uri2)}
      it {is_expected.not_to eql(uri2)}
      it {is_expected.not_to eq uri2}
    end
  end

  describe "#anonymous?" do
    it "should not be #anonymous?" do
      expect(described_class.new('http://example.org')).not_to be_anonymous
    end
  end

  describe "#compatible?" do
    {
      %(<abc>) => {
        %("b") => false,
        %("b^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>") => false,
        %("b"@ja) => false,
        %(<a>) => false,
        %(_:a) => false,
      },
    }.each do |l1, props|
      props.each do |l2, res|
        it "#{l1} should #{'not ' unless res}be compatible with #{l2}" do
          if res
            expect(RDF::NTriples::Reader.parse_object l1).to be_compatible(RDF::NTriples::Reader.parse_object l2)
          else
            expect(RDF::NTriples::Reader.parse_object l1).not_to be_compatible(RDF::NTriples::Reader.parse_object l2)
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  context "validation" do
    subject {RDF::URI("http://example/for/validation")}

    describe "#valid?" do
      let(:refs) {
        %W(a d z A D Z 0 5 99 - . _ ~ \u0053 \u00D6 foo %20) +
        %W(\U00000053 Dürst AZazÀÖØöø˿Ͱͽ΄῾‌‍⁰↉Ⰰ⿕、ퟻ﨎ﷇﷰ￯𐀀𪘀)
      }
      {
        ""  => "%{p1}",
        "and query" => "%{p1}?%{p2}",
        "and fragment" => "%{p1}#%{p2}",
        "and query and fragment" => "%{p1}?%{p2}#%{p3}",
      }.each do |mod, fmt|
        it "validates IRI with authority and ipath-abempty #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme://auth/#{fmt}" % {p1: "", p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme://auth/#{fmt}" % {p1: c, p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme://auth/#{fmt}" % {p1: "#{c}/#{c}", p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
          end
        end
        it "validates IRI with path-absolute #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme:/#{fmt}" % {p1: "", p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme:/#{fmt}" % {p1: c, p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme:/#{fmt}" % {p1: "#{c}/#{c}", p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
          end
        end
        it "validates IRI with ipath-rootless #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme:#{fmt}" % {p1: c, p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme:#{fmt}" % {p1: "#{c}/#{c}", p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
          end
        end
        it "validates IRI with ipath-empty #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("scheme:#{fmt}" % {p1: "", p2: c, p3: c})).to be_valid
          end
        end

        it "invalidates irelative-ref with authority #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("//auth/#{fmt}" % {p1: c, p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
          end
        end
        it "invalidates irelative-ref with authority and port #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("//auth:123/#{fmt}" % {p1: c, p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
          end
        end
        it "invalidates irelative-ref with ipath-absolute #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("/#{fmt}" % {p1: c, p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("/#{fmt}" % {p1: "#{c}/", p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("/#{fmt}" % {p1: "#{c}/#{c}", p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
          end
        end
        it "invalidates irelative-ref with ipath-noscheme #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("#{fmt}" % {p1: c, p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("#{fmt}" % {p1: "#{c}/", p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
            expect(RDF::URI("#{fmt}" % {p1: "#{c}/#{c}", p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
          end
        end
        it "invalidates irelative-ref with ipath-empty #{mod}" do
          refs.each do |c|
            expect(RDF::URI("#{fmt}" % {p1: "", p2: c, p3: c})).not_to be_valid
          end
        end
      end

      (%W(` ^ \\ \u0000 \u0001 \u0002 \u0003 \u0004 \u0005 \u0006
         \u0010 \u0020 \u003c \u003e \u0022 \u007b \u007d) +
      [" ", "<", ">", "'" '"']).each do |c|
        it "does not validate <http://example/#{c}>" do
          expect(RDF::URI("http://example/#{c}")).not_to be_valid
        end
      end

      [
        'file:///path/to/file with spaces.txt',
        'scheme://auth/\u0000',
        'scheme://auth/\u005C',
        'scheme://auth/\u005E',
        'scheme://auth/\u0060',
        'scheme://auth/\\u0000',
        'scheme://auth/\\u005C',
        'scheme://auth/\\u005E',
        'scheme://auth/\\u0060',
        'scheme://auth/^',
        'scheme://auth/`',
        'scheme://auth/\\',
      ].each do |u|
        it "does not validate <#{u}>" do
          expect(RDF::URI(u)).not_to be_valid
        end
      end
    end

    describe "#invalid?" do
      it "is invalid if not valid" do
        expect(subject).to receive(:valid?).and_return(false)
        expect(subject).to be_invalid
      end
    end

    describe "#validate" do
      it "raises ArgumentError if not valid" do
        expect(subject).to receive(:valid?).and_return(false)
        expect { subject.validate }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
      end
    end

    describe "#validate!" do
      it "raises ArgumentError if not valid" do
        expect(subject).to receive(:valid?).and_return(false)
        expect { subject.validate! }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
      end
    end
  end

  context "c14n" do
    {
      #"syntax-based normalization" => [
      #  "eXAMPLE://a/./b/../b/%63/%7bfoo%7d/ros%C3%A9",
      #  "example://a/b/c/%7Bfoo%7D/ros&#xE9;"
      #],
      #"syntax-based normalization (addressable)" => [
      #  "eXAMPLE://a/./b/../b/%63/%7bfoo%7d/ros%C3%A9",
      #  "example://a/b/c/%7Bfoo%7D/ros%C3%A9"
      #],
      #"case normalization(1)" => [
      #  "http://example.com/%e1%cf",
      #  "http://example.com/%E1%CF"
      #],
      "case normalization(2)" => [
        "http://eXaMpLe.com/",
        "http://example.com/"
      ],
      "percent-encoding normalization(1)" => [
        "http://example.com/%7euser",
        "http://example.com/~user"
      ],
      "percent-encoding normalization(2)" => [
        "http://example.com/%7Euser",
        "http://example.com/~user"
      ],
      "path-segment normalization(1)" => [
        "http://example.com/./foo",
        "http://example.com/foo"
      ],
      "path-segment normalization(2)" => [
        "http://example.com/foo/bar/..",
        "http://example.com/foo/"
      ],
      "parent of root" => [
        "http://example.com/..",
        "http://example.com/"
      ],
      "parent of parent of root" => [
        "http://example.com/../..",
        "http://example.com/"
      ],
      "parent of odd path" => [
        "http://example.com/path(/..",
        "http://example.com/"
      ],
      "parent of odd path (2)" => [
        "http://example.com/(path)/..",
        "http://example.com/"
      ],
      "parent of odd path (3)" => [
        "http://example.com/path(/../",
        "http://example.com/"
      ],
      "path with dot segments" => [
        "/a/b/c/./../../g",
        "/a/g"
      ],
      "mid/content=5/../6" => [
        "mid/content=5/../6",
        "mid/6"
      ],
      "multiple slashes" => [
        "http://www.example.com///../",
        "http://www.example.com/"
      ],
      "preserve -.~" => [
        "http://www.example.com/foo-bar.baz~",
        "http://www.example.com/foo-bar.baz~",
      ],
      "embedded spaces" => [
        "http://www.example.com/path with spaces",
        "http://www.example.com/path%20with%20spaces"
      ],
      "file with embedded spaces" => [
        "file:///path/to/file with spaces.txt",
        "file:///path/to/file%20with%20spaces.txt"
      ],
      "urn" => [
        "urn:ex:s001",
        "urn:ex:s001"
      ],
      "utf-8" => [
        "Dürst",
        "Dürst"
      ]
    }.each do |name, (input, output)|
      it "#canonicalize #{name}" do
        u1 = RDF::URI(input)
        u2 = RDF::URI(output)
        expect(u1.canonicalize.to_s).to eq u2.to_s
        expect(u1.canonicalize).to eq u1.canonicalize
        expect(u1.canonicalize.hash).to eq u2.hash
      end
    end
    it "#canonicalize! alters resource" do
      u1 = RDF::URI("eXAMPLE:example.com/foo")
      u2 = RDF::URI("example:example.com/foo")
      expect(u1.canonicalize!.to_s).to eq u2.to_s
      expect(u1).to eq u2
    end
  end

  describe "#/" do
    {
      # #!! means that I'm not sure I like the semantics, but they are cases for
      # arguably invalid input, probably without 'correct' answers.

      %w(http://foo a) => "http://foo/a",
      %w(http://foo /a) => "http://foo/a",
      %w(http://foo #a) => "http://foo#a",

      %w(http://foo/ a) => "http://foo/a",
      %w(http://foo/ /a) => "http://foo/a",
      %w(http://foo/ #a) => "http://foo#a", #!!

      %w(http://foo# a) => "http://foo#a",
      %w(http://foo# /a) => "http://foo/a", #!!
      %w(http://foo# #a) => "http://foo#a",

      %w(http://foo/bar a) => "http://foo/bar/a",
      %w(http://foo/bar /a) => "http://foo/bar/a",
      %w(http://foo/bar #a) => "http://foo/bar#a",

      %w(http://foo/bar/ a) => "http://foo/bar/a",
      %w(http://foo/bar/ /a) => "http://foo/bar/a",
      %w(http://foo/bar/ #a) => "http://foo/bar#a", #!!

      %w(http://foo/bar# a) => "http://foo/bar#a",
      %w(http://foo/bar# /a) => "http://foo/bar/a", #!!
      %w(http://foo/bar# #a) => "http://foo/bar#a",

      %w(urn:isbn: 0451450523) => "urn:isbn:0451450523",
      %w(urn:isbn: :0451450523) => "urn:isbn:0451450523",

      %w(urn:isbn 0451450523) => "urn:isbn:0451450523",
      %w(urn:isbn :0451450523) => "urn:isbn:0451450523",
    }.each_pair do |input, result|
      it "should create <#{result}> from <#{input[0]}> and '#{input[1]}'" do
        expect((RDF::URI.new(input[0]) / input[1]).to_s).to eq result
        expect((RDF::URI.new(input[0]) / RDF::URI.new(input[1])).to_s).to eq result unless input[1][0,1] == ':'
      end
    end

    it "should raise an ArgumentError when receiving an absolute URI as a fragment" do
      expect { RDF::URI.new('http://example.org') / RDF::URI.new('http://example.com') }.to raise_error ArgumentError
    end
  end

  describe "#+" do
    {
      %w(http://foo/ a) => "http://foo/a",
      %w(http://foo/ /a) => "http://foo//a",
      %w(http://foo/ #a) => "http://foo/#a",

      %w(urn:isbn :0451450523) => "urn:isbn:0451450523",
      %w(urn:isbn 0451450523) => "urn:isbn0451450523",

      %w(http://example.org/test test) => "http://example.org/testtest",
    }.each_pair do |input, result|
      it "should create <#{result}> from <#{input[0]}> and '#{input[1]}'" do
        expect((RDF::URI.new(input[0]) + input[1]).to_s).to eq result
        expect((RDF::URI.new(input[0]) + RDF::URI.new(input[1])).to_s).to eq result unless input[1][0,1] == ':'
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#join" do
    subject {RDF::URI.new("http://example.org")}
    it "appends another URI" do
      expect(subject.join(RDF::URI.new("foo#bar")).to_s).to eq "http://example.org/foo#bar"
    end

    {
      ['', 'a'] => "<a>",
      ['', 'http://foo/bar#'] => "<http://foo/bar#>",
      ['', 'http://resource1'] => "<http://resource1>",
      
      %w(http://example.org foo) => "<http://example.org/foo>",
      %w(http://example.org foo#bar) => "<http://example.org/foo#bar>",
      %w(http://foo ) =>  "<http://foo>",
      %w(http://foo a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo /a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo #a) => "<http://foo#a>",
      
      %w(http://foo/ ) =>  "<http://foo/>",
      %w(http://foo/ a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo/ /a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo/ #a) => "<http://foo/#a>",

      %w(http://foo# ) =>  "<http://foo#>",
      %w(http://foo# a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo# /a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo# #a) => "<http://foo#a>",

      %w(http://foo/bar ) =>  "<http://foo/bar>",
      %w(http://foo/bar a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo/bar /a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo/bar #a) => "<http://foo/bar#a>",

      %w(http://foo/bar/ ) =>  "<http://foo/bar/>",
      %w(http://foo/bar/ a) => "<http://foo/bar/a>",
      %w(http://foo/bar/ /a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo/bar/ #a) => "<http://foo/bar/#a>",

      %w(http://foo/bar# ) =>  "<http://foo/bar#>",
      %w(http://foo/bar# a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo/bar# /a) => "<http://foo/a>",
      %w(http://foo/bar# #a) => "<http://foo/bar#a>",

      %w(http://a/bb/ccc/.. gg:h) => "<gg:h>",
      %w(http://a/bb/ccc/.. g) => "<http://a/bb/ccc/g>",
      %w(http://a/bb/ccc/.. ./g) => "<http://a/bb/ccc/g>",
      %w(http://a/bb/ccc/.. g/) => "<http://a/bb/ccc/g/>",
      %w(http://a/bb/ccc/.. ?y) => "<http://a/bb/ccc/..?y>",
      %w(http://a/bb/ccc/.. g?y) => "<http://a/bb/ccc/g?y>",
      %w(http://a/bb/ccc/.. #s) => "<http://a/bb/ccc/..#s>",
      %w(http://a/bb/ccc/.. g#s) => "<http://a/bb/ccc/g#s>",

      %w(file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q g) => "<file:///a/bb/ccc/g>",
      # merging rootless base URL paths (json-ld-api 397f48b959c4517fef55a7b2623ad432e923240c)
      %w(tag:example a) => "<tag:a>",
    }.each_pair do |(lhs, rhs), result|
      it "creates #{result} from <#{lhs}> and '#{rhs}'" do
        expect(RDF::URI.new(lhs).join(rhs.to_s).to_base).to eq result
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#hier?" do
    {
      "http://example/"               => true,
      "mailto:gregg@greggkellogg.net" => false,
      "urn:isbn:12345"                => false
    }.each do |uri, is_hier|
      it uri do
        expect(described_class.new(uri).hier?).to eq is_hier
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#root?" do
    {
      "http://example/"               => true,
      "http://example/foo"            => false,
      "mailto:gregg@greggkellogg.net" => true,
      "urn:isbn:12345"                => true
    }.each do |uri, is_hier|
      it uri do
        expect(described_class.new(uri).root?).to eq is_hier
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#root" do
    {
      "http://example/"                       => "http://example/",
      "http://example/foo"                    => "http://example/",
      'https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf'          => 'https://rubygems.org/',
      "mailto:gregg@greggkellogg.net"         => "mailto:gregg@greggkellogg.net",
      "urn:isbn:12345"                        => "urn:isbn:12345"
    }.each do |uri, root|
      it uri do
        expect(described_class.new(uri).root).to be_a_uri
        expect(described_class.new(uri).root).to eq root
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#parent" do
    {
      "http://example/"                       => nil,
      "http://example/foo"                    => "http://example/",
      "http://example/foo/bar"                => "http://example/foo/",
      'https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf'          => 'https://rubygems.org/gems/',
      "mailto:gregg@greggkellogg.net"         => nil,
      "urn:isbn:12345"                        => nil
    }.each do |uri, parent|
      it uri do
        if parent
          expect(described_class.new(uri).parent).to be_a_uri
          expect(described_class.new(uri).parent).to eq parent
        else
          expect(described_class.new(uri).parent).to be_nil
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#query" do
    {
      "?one=1&two=2&three=3" => "one=1&two=2&three=3",
      "?one=two&one=three" => "one=two&one=three",
      "mailto:?to=addr1@an.example,addr2@an.example" => "to=addr1@an.example,addr2@an.example",
      "http://example/" => nil,
      "http://example/?" => "",
      "HTTP://example.com.:%38%30/%70a%74%68?a=%31#1%323" => "a=%31"
    }.each do |uri, result|
      it uri do
        if result
          expect(described_class.new(uri).query).to eq result
        else
          expect(described_class.new(uri).query).to be_nil
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#query_values" do
    {
      "?one=1&two=2&three=3" => {"one" => "1", "two" => "2", "three" => "3"},
      "?one=two&one=three" => {"one" => %w(two three)},
      "mailto:?to=addr1@an.example,addr2@an.example" => {"to" => "addr1@an.example,addr2@an.example"},
      "http://example/" => nil,
      "http://example/?" => {},
      "HTTP://example.com.:%38%30/%70a%74%68?a=%31#1%323" => {"a" => "1"},
      "?one[two][three]=four" => {"one[two][three]" => "four"},
      "?one.two.three=four" => {"one.two.three" => "four"},
      "?one[two][three]=four&one[two][five]=six" => {"one[two][three]" => "four", "one[two][five]" => "six"},
      "?one=two&one=three&one=four" => {'one' => ['two', 'three', 'four']},
      "?&a" => {'a' => nil},
    }.each do |uri, result|
      it uri do
        if result
          expect(described_class.new(uri).query_values).to eq result
        else
          expect(described_class.new(uri).query_values).to be_nil
        end
      end
    end

    context "Array" do
      {
        "?one=two&one=three" => [['one', 'two'], ['one', 'three']],
        "http://example/?" => [],
        "?one[two][three]=four" => [["one[two][three]", "four"]],
        "?one.two.three=four" => [["one.two.three", "four"]],
        "?one[two][three]=four&one[two][five]=six" => [["one[two][three]", "four"], ["one[two][five]", "six"]],
        "?one=two&one=three&one=four" => [['one', 'two'], ['one', 'three'], ['one', 'four']],
      }.each do |uri, result|
        it uri do
          expect(described_class.new(uri).query_values(Array)).to eq result
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#query_values=" do
    {
      "" => {},
      "a=a" => {a: "a"},
      "a" => {a: nil},
      "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e" => {a: "a", b: ["c", "d", "e"]},
      nil => nil,
    }.each do |result, values|
      it values do
        u = described_class.new("")
        u.query_values = values
        if result
          expect(u.query).to eq result
        else
          expect(u.query).to be_nil
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#absolute?" do
    {
      "" => false,
      "http://example.org/foo" => true,
      "//example.org/foo" => false,
      "foo" => false,
    }.each do |uri, value|
      it "<#{uri}>: #{value}" do
        if value
          expect(described_class.new(uri)).to be_absolute
          expect(described_class.new(uri)).not_to be_relative
        else
          expect(described_class.new(uri)).not_to be_absolute
          expect(described_class.new(uri)).to be_relative
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#relativize" do
    {
      "prefix with #" => ["http://example.com/#", "http://example.com/#foo", "foo"],
      "prefix with /" => ["http://example.com/", "http://example.com/#foo", "#foo"],
      "prefix without / or #" => ["http://example.com/f", "http://example.com/foo", "foo"],
    }.each do |name, (base_uri,orig,result)|
      it "<#{base_uri}> + <#{orig}>: <#{result}>" do
        expect(described_class.new(orig).relativize(base_uri)).to eq result
      end
    end

    context "json-ld compact#t0066" do
      {
        "https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/tests/compact/link" => "link",
        "https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/tests/compact/0066-in.jsonld#fragment-works" => "#fragment-works",
        "https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/tests/compact/0066-in.jsonld?query=works" => "?query=works",
        "https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/tests/" =>          "../",
        "https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/" =>                "../../",
        "https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/parent" =>          "../../parent",
        "https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/parent#fragment" => "../../parent#fragment",
        "https://w3c.github.io/parent-parent-eq-root" =>       "../../../parent-parent-eq-root",
        "https://w3c.github.io/still-root" =>                  "../../../still-root",
        "https://w3c.github.io/too-many-dots" =>               "../../../too-many-dots",
        "https://w3c.github.io/absolute" =>                    "../../../absolute",
        "http://example.org/scheme-relative" =>                "http://example.org/scheme-relative"
      }.each do |orig, result|
        it "relativises #{orig} to #{result}" do
          expect(described_class.new(orig).relativize("https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/tests/compact/0066-in.jsonld")).to eq result
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#request_uri" do
    {
      "" => "/",
      "ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt" => nil,
      "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt" => "/rfc/rfc2396.txt",
      "ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one" => nil,
      "mailto:John.Doe@example.com" => nil,
      "http://example.com" => "/",
      "http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TheProject.html" => "/pub/WWW/TheProject.html",
    }.each do |uri, result|
      it uri do
        if result
          expect(described_class.new(uri).request_uri).to eq result
        else
          expect(described_class.new(uri).request_uri).to be_nil
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#qname" do
    it "#qname" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#').qname).to eql [:rdfs, nil]
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label').qname).to eql [:rdfs, :label]
      expect(RDF::RDFS.label.qname).to eql [:rdfs, :label]
    end

    it "#qname with empty prefixes" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#').qname(prefixes: {})).to be_nil
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label').qname(prefixes: {})).to be_nil
      expect(RDF::RDFS.label.qname(prefixes: {})).to be_nil
    end

    it "#qname with explicit prefixes" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#').qname(prefixes: {rdfs: 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'})).to eql [:rdfs, :""]
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label').qname(prefixes: {rdfs: 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'})).to eql [:rdfs, :label]
      expect(RDF::RDFS.label.qname(prefixes: {rdfs: 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'})).to eql [:rdfs, :label]
    end
  end

  describe "#pname" do
    it "#pname" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#').pname).to eql 'rdfs:'
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label').pname).to eql 'rdfs:label'
      expect(RDF::RDFS.label.pname).to eql 'rdfs:label'
    end

    it "#pname with empty prefixes" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#').pname(prefixes: {})).to eq 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label').pname(prefixes: {})).to eq 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label'
      expect(RDF::RDFS.label.pname(prefixes: {})).to eq 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label'
    end

    it "#pname with explicit prefixes" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#').pname(prefixes: {rdfs: 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'})).to eql 'rdfs:'
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label').pname(prefixes: {rdfs: 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'})).to eql 'rdfs:label'
      expect(RDF::RDFS.label.pname(prefixes: {rdfs: 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'})).to eql 'rdfs:label'
    end

    context "escapes" do
      {
        "http://example.org/c!" => 'ex:c\!',
        "http://example.org/c$" => 'ex:c\$',
        "http://example.org/c&" => 'ex:c\&',
        "http://example.org/c'" => "ex:c\\'",
        "http://example.org/c()" => 'ex:c\(\)',
        "http://example.org/c*+" => 'ex:c\*\+',
        "http://example.org/c;=" => 'ex:c\;\=',
        "http://example.org/c/#" => 'ex:c\/\#',
        "http://example.org/c@" => 'ex:c\@',
        "http://example.org/c:d?" => 'ex:c:d\?',
        "http://example.org/c~z." => 'ex:c\~z\.',
      }.each do |orig, result|
        it "#{orig} => #{result}" do
          uri = RDF::URI(orig)
          pname = uri.pname(prefixes: {ex: "http://example.org/"})
          expect(uri).to be_valid
          expect(pname).to eql result
        end
      end

      {
        "http://example.org/c-" => 'ex:c\-',
        "http://example.org/c_" => 'ex:c\_',
      }.each do |orig, result|
        it "does not #{orig} => #{result}" do
          uri = RDF::URI(orig)
          pname = uri.pname(prefixes: {ex: "http://example.org/"})
          expect(uri).to be_valid
          expect(pname).not_to eql result
        end
      end
    end
  end

  context "Examples" do
    it "Creating a URI reference (1)" do
      expect(RDF::URI.new("https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf")).to be_a_uri
    end

    it "Creating a URI reference (2)" do
      uri = RDF::URI.new(scheme: 'https', host: 'rubygems.org', path: '/gems/rdf')
      expect(uri).to eql RDF::URI.new("https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf")
    end

    it "Creating an interned URI reference" do
      uri = RDF::URI.intern("https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf")
      expect(uri).to be_frozen
    end

    it "Getting the string representation of a URI" do
      uri = RDF::URI.new("https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf")
      expect(uri.to_s).to be_a(String)
      expect(uri.to_s).to eql "https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf"
    end

    it "#urn?" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).not_to be_urn
    end

    it "#hier?" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).to be_hier
      expect(RDF::URI('urn:isbn:125235111')).not_to be_hier
    end

    it "#url?" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).to be_url
    end

    it "#length" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/').length).to eql 19
    end

    describe "#join" do
      it "Joining two URIs" do
        expect(
          RDF::URI.new('http://example.org/foo/bar').join('/foo')
        ).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/foo')
      end
    end

    describe "#/" do
      it "Building a HTTP URL" do
        expect(
          RDF::URI.new('http://example.org') / 'jhacker' / 'foaf.ttl'
        ).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/jhacker/foaf.ttl')
      end

      it "Building a HTTP URL (absolute path components)" do
        expect(
          RDF::URI.new('http://example.org/') / '/jhacker/' / '/foaf.ttl'
        ).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/jhacker/foaf.ttl')
      end

      it "Using an anchored base URI" do
        expect(
          RDF::URI.new('http://example.org/users#') / 'jhacker'
        ).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/users#jhacker')
      end

      it "Building a URN" do
        expect(
          RDF::URI.new('urn:isbn') / 125235111
        ).to eql RDF::URI('urn:isbn:125235111')
      end
    end

    describe "#+" do
      it "Concatenating a string to a URI" do
        expect(
          RDF::URI.new('http://example.org/test') + 'test'
        ).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/testtest')
      end

      it "Concatenating two URIs" do
        expect(
          RDF::URI.new('http://example.org/test') + RDF::URI.new('test')
        ).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/testtest')
      end
    end

    it "#root?" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).to be_root
      expect((RDF::URI('http://example.org/path/'))).not_to be_root
      expect(RDF::URI('urn:isbn')).to be_root
    end

    it "#root" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/').root).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/')
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/path/').root).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/')
    end

    it "#has_parent?" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).not_to have_parent
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/path/')).to have_parent
    end

    it "#parent" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/').parent).to be_nil
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/path/').parent).to eql RDF::URI('http://example.org/')
    end

    it "#start_with?" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).to be_start_with('http')
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).not_to be_start_with('ftp')
    end

    it "#end_with?" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).to be_end_with('/')
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).not_to be_end_with('#')
    end

    it "#eql?" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://t.co/')).to eql(RDF::URI('http://t.co/'))
      expect(RDF::URI('http://t.co/')).not_to eql('http://t.co/')
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#')).not_to eql(RDF::RDFS)
    end

    it "#==" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://t.co/')).to eq RDF::URI('http://t.co/')
      expect(RDF::URI('http://t.co/')).to eq 'http://t.co/'
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#')).to eq RDF::RDFS
    end

    it "#===" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/') === /example/).to be_truthy
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/') === /foobar/).not_to be_truthy
      expect(RDF::URI('http://t.co/') === RDF::URI('http://t.co/')).to be_truthy
      expect(RDF::URI('http://t.co/') === 'http://t.co/').to be_truthy
      expect(RDF::URI('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#') === RDF::RDFS).to be_truthy
    end

    it "#=~" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).to match(/example/)
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/')).not_to match(/foobar/)
    end

    it "#to_str" do
      expect(RDF::URI('http://example.org/').to_str).to eql 'http://example.org/'
    end

    it "#query_values" do
      expect(RDF::URI.new("?one=1&two=2&three=3").query_values).to eql({"one" => "1", "two" => "2", "three" => "3"})
      expect(RDF::URI.new("?one=two&one=three").query_values(Array)).to eql [["one", "two"], ["one", "three"]]
      expect(RDF::URI.new("?one=two&one=three").query_values(Hash)).to eql({"one" => ["two", "three"]})
    end

    describe "#query_values=" do
      subject {RDF::URI("http://example/")}

      it "Hash with single and array values" do
        subject.query_values = {a: "a", b: ["c", "d", "e"]}
        expect(subject.query).to eql "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
      end

      it "Array with Array values including repeated variables" do
        subject.query_values = [['a', 'a'], ['b', 'c'], ['b', 'd'], ['b', 'e']]
        expect(subject.query).to eql "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
      end

      it "Array with Array values including multiple elements" do
        subject.query_values = [['a', 'a'], ['b', ['c', 'd', 'e']]]
        expect(subject.query).to eql "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
      end

      it "Array with Array values having only one entry" do
        subject.query_values = [['flag'], ['key', 'value']]
        expect(subject.query).to eql "flag&key=value"
      end
    end
  end

  describe 'marshaling' do
    subject { RDF::URI("http://example/") }

    it "marshals them" do
      marshaled = Marshal.dump(subject)
      loaded    = Marshal.load(marshaled)

      expect(loaded).to eq subject
      # It should have a mutex
      expect { loaded.freeze }.not_to raise_error
    end
  end
end