spec/context_spec.rb

# coding: utf-8
require_relative 'spec_helper'
require 'rdf/xsd'
require 'rdf/spec/reader'

# Add for testing
class JSON::LD::Context
  # Retrieve type mappings
  def coercions
    term_definitions.inject({}) do |memo, (t,td)|
      memo[t] = td.type_mapping
      memo
    end
  end

  def containers
    term_definitions.inject({}) do |memo, (t,td)|
      memo[t] = td.container_mapping
      memo
    end
  end
end

describe JSON::LD::Context do
  let(:logger) {RDF::Spec.logger}
  let(:context) {JSON::LD::Context.new(logger: logger, validate: true, processingMode: "json-ld-1.1", compactToRelative: true)}
  let(:remote_doc) do
    JSON::LD::API::RemoteDocument.new(%q({
      "@context": {
        "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
        "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
        "homepage": {"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage", "@type": "@id"},
        "avatar": {"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar", "@type": "@id"}
      }
    }),
    documentUrl: "http://example.com/context",
    contentType: "application/ld+json")
  end
  subject {context}

  describe ".parse" do
    let(:ctx) {[
      {"foo" => "http://example.com/foo"},
      {"bar" => "foo"}
    ]}

    it "merges definitions from each context" do
      ec = described_class.parse(ctx)
      expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
        "foo" => "http://example.com/foo",
        "bar" => "http://example.com/foo"
      }, logger)
    end
  end

  describe "#parse" do
    context "remote" do

      it "fails given a missing remote @context" do
        JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)
        expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/context", anything).and_raise(IOError)
        expect {subject.parse("http://example.com/context")}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::LoadingRemoteContextFailed, %r{http://example.com/context})
      end

      it "creates mappings" do
        expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/context", anything).and_yield(remote_doc)
        ec = subject.parse("http://example.com/context")
        expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "xsd"      => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
          "name"     => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
          "homepage" => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
          "avatar"   => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "retrieves and parses a remote context document in HTML using the context profile" do
        remote_doc =
          JSON::LD::API::RemoteDocument.new(%q(
            <html><head>
            <script>Not This</script>
            <script type="application/ld+json">
            {
              "@context": {
                "homepage": {"@id": "http://example.com/this-would-be-wrong", "@type": "@id"},
                "avatar": {"@id": "http://example.com/this-would-be-wrong", "@type": "@id"}
              }
            }
            </script>
            <script type="application/ld+json;profile=http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context">
            {
              "@context": {
                "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
                "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
                "homepage": {"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage", "@type": "@id"},
                "avatar": {"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar", "@type": "@id"}
              }
            }
            </script>
            <script type="application/ld+json;profile=http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context">
            {
              "@context": {
                "homepage": {"@id": "http://example.com/this-would-also-be-wrong", "@type": "@id"},
                "avatar": {"@id": "http://example.com/this-would-also-be-wrong", "@type": "@id"}
              }
            }
            </script>
            </head></html>
            ),
            documentUrl: "http://example.com/context",
            contentType: "text/html")

        JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)
        expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/context", anything).and_yield(remote_doc)
        ec = subject.parse("http://example.com/context")
        expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "xsd"      => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
          "name"     => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
          "homepage" => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
          "avatar"   => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "retrieves and parses a remote context document in HTML" do
        remote_doc =
          JSON::LD::API::RemoteDocument.new(%q(
            <html><head>
            <script>Not This</script>
            <script type="application/ld+json">
            {
              "@context": {
                "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
                "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
                "homepage": {"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage", "@type": "@id"},
                "avatar": {"@id": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar", "@type": "@id"}
              }
            }
            </script>
            <script type="application/ld+json">
            {
              "@context": {
                "homepage": {"@id": "http://example.com/this-would-also-be-wrong", "@type": "@id"},
                "avatar": {"@id": "http://example.com/this-would-also-be-wrong", "@type": "@id"}
              }
            }
            </script>
            </head></html>
            ),
            documentUrl: "http://example.com/context",
            contentType: "text/html")
          JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)
        expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/context", anything).and_yield(remote_doc)
        ec = subject.parse("http://example.com/context")
        expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "xsd"      => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
          "name"     => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
          "homepage" => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
          "avatar"   => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "notes non-existing @context" do
        expect {subject.parse(StringIO.new("{}"))}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidRemoteContext)
      end

      it "parses a referenced context at a relative URI" do
        JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)
        rd1 = JSON::LD::API::RemoteDocument.new(%({"@context": "context"}), base_uri: "http://example.com/c1")
        expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/c1", anything).and_yield(rd1)
        expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/context", anything).and_yield(remote_doc)
        ec = subject.parse("http://example.com/c1")
        expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "xsd"      => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
          "name"     => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
          "homepage" => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
          "avatar"   => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar"
        }, logger)
      end

      context "remote with local mappings" do
        let(:ctx) {["http://example.com/context", {"integer" => "xsd:integer"}]}
        before {JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)}
        it "retrieves and parses a remote context document" do
          expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/context", anything).and_yield(remote_doc)
          ec = subject.parse(ctx)
          expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
            "xsd"      => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
            "name"     => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
            "homepage" => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
            "avatar"   => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar",
            "integer"  => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer"
          }, logger)
        end
      end

      context "pre-loaded remote" do
        let(:ctx) {"http://example.com/preloaded"}
        before(:all) {
          JSON::LD::Context.add_preloaded("http://example.com/preloaded",
            JSON::LD::Context.parse({'foo' => "http://example.com/"})
          )
          JSON::LD::Context.alias_preloaded("https://example.com/preloaded", "http://example.com/preloaded")
        }
        after(:all) {JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)}

        it "does not load referenced context" do
          expect(JSON::LD::API).not_to receive(:documentLoader).with(ctx, anything)
          subject.parse(ctx)
        end

        it "does not load aliased context" do
          expect(JSON::LD::API).not_to receive(:documentLoader).with(ctx.sub('http', 'https'), anything)
          subject.parse(ctx.sub('http', 'https'))
        end

        it "uses loaded context" do
          ec = subject.parse(ctx)
          expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
            "foo"   => "http://example.com/"
          }, logger)
        end

        it "uses aliased context" do
          ec = subject.parse(ctx.sub('http', 'https'))
          expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
            "foo"   => "http://example.com/"
          }, logger)
        end
      end
    end

    context "Array" do
      let(:ctx) {[
        {"foo" => "http://example.com/foo"},
        {"bar" => "foo"}
      ]}

      it "merges definitions from each context" do
        ec = subject.parse(ctx)
        expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "foo" => "http://example.com/foo",
          "bar" => "http://example.com/foo"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "merges definitions from remote contexts" do
        JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)
        expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/context", anything).and_yield(remote_doc)
        rd2 = JSON::LD::API::RemoteDocument.new(%q({
          "@context": {
            "title": {"@id": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"}
          }
        }), base_uri: "http://example.com/c2")
        expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/c2", anything).and_yield(rd2)
        ec = subject.parse(%w(http://example.com/context http://example.com/c2))
        expect(ec.send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "xsd"      => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
          "name"     => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name",
          "homepage" => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage",
          "avatar"   => "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/avatar",
          "title"    => "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"
        }, logger)
      end
    end

    context "Hash" do
      it "extracts @language" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "@language" => "en"
        }).default_language).to produce("en", logger)
      end

      it "extracts @vocab" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "@vocab" => "http://schema.org/"
        }).vocab).to produce("http://schema.org/", logger)
      end

      it "maps term with IRI value" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => "http://example.com/"
        }).send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "foo" => "http://example.com/"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "maps term with blank node value (with deprecation)" do
        expect do
          expect(subject.parse({
            "foo" => "_:bn"
          }).send(:mappings)).to produce({
            "foo" => RDF::Node("bn")
          }, logger)
        end.to write("[DEPRECATION]").to(:error)
      end

      it "maps term with @id" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/"}
        }).send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "foo" => "http://example.com/"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "maps term with blank node @id (with deprecation)" do
        expect do
          expect(subject.parse({
            "foo" => {"@id" => "_:bn"}
          }).send(:mappings)).to produce({
            "foo" => RDF::Node("bn")
          }, logger)
        end.to write("[DEPRECATION]").to(:error)
      end

      it "warns and ignores keyword-like term" do
        expect do
          expect(subject.parse({
            "@foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.org/foo"}
          }).send(:mappings)).to produce({}, logger)
        end.to write("Terms beginning with '@' are reserved").to(:error)
      end

      it "maps '@' as a term" do
        expect do
          expect(subject.parse({
            "@" => {"@id" => "http://example.org/@"}
          }).send(:mappings)).to produce({
            "@" => "http://example.org/@"
          }, logger)
        end.not_to write.to(:error)
      end

      it "maps '@foo.bar' as a term" do
        expect do
          expect(subject.parse({
            "@foo.bar" => {"@id" => "http://example.org/foo.bar"}
          }).send(:mappings)).to produce({
            "@foo.bar" => "http://example.org/foo.bar"
          }, logger)
        end.not_to write.to(:error)
      end

      it "associates @list container mapping with term" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/", "@container" => "@list"}
        }).containers).to produce({
          "foo" => Set["@list"]
        }, logger)
      end

      it "associates @type container mapping with term" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/", "@container" => "@type"}
        }).containers).to produce({
          "foo" => Set["@type"]
        }, logger)
      end

      it "associates @id container mapping with term" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/", "@container" => "@id"}
        }).containers).to produce({
          "foo" => Set["@id"]
        }, logger)
      end

      it "associates @id type mapping with term" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/", "@type" => "@id"}
        }).coercions).to produce({
          "foo" => "@id"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "associates @json type mapping with term" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/", "@type" => "@json"}
        }).coercions).to produce({
          "foo" => "@json"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "associates type mapping with term" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/", "@type" => RDF::XSD.string.to_s}
        }).coercions).to produce({
          "foo" => RDF::XSD.string
        }, logger)
      end

      it "associates language mapping with term" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/", "@language" => "en"}
        }).send(:languages)).to produce({
          "foo" => "en"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "expands chains of term definition/use with string values" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => "bar",
          "bar" => "baz",
          "baz" => "http://example.com/"
        }).send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "foo" => "http://example.com/",
          "bar" => "http://example.com/",
          "baz" => "http://example.com/"
        }, logger)
      end

      it "expands terms using @vocab" do
        expect(subject.parse({
          "foo" => "bar",
          "@vocab" => "http://example.com/"
        }).send(:mappings)).to produce({
          "foo" => "http://example.com/bar"
        }, logger)
      end

      context "with null" do
        it "removes @language if set to null" do
          expect(subject.parse([
            {
              "@language" => "en"
            },
            {
              "@language" => nil
            }
          ]).default_language).to produce(nil, logger)
        end

        it "removes @vocab if set to null" do
          expect(subject.parse([
            {
              "@vocab" => "http://schema.org/"
            },
            {
              "@vocab" => nil
            }
          ]).vocab).to produce(nil, logger)
        end

        it "removes term if set to null with @vocab" do
          expect(subject.parse([
            {
              "@vocab" => "http://schema.org/",
              "term" => nil
            }
          ]).send(:mappings)).to produce({"term" => nil}, logger)
        end

        it "loads initial context" do
          init_ec = JSON::LD::Context.new
          nil_ec = subject.parse(nil)
          expect(nil_ec.default_language).to eq init_ec.default_language
          expect(nil_ec.send(:languages)).to eq init_ec.send(:languages)
          expect(nil_ec.send(:mappings)).to eq init_ec.send(:mappings)
          expect(nil_ec.coercions).to eq init_ec.coercions
          expect(nil_ec.containers).to eq init_ec.containers
        end

        it "removes a term definition" do
          expect(subject.parse({"name" => nil}).send(:mapping, "name")).to be_nil
        end
      end


      context "@propagate" do
        it "generates an InvalidPropagateValue error if not a boolean" do
          expect {subject.parse({'@version' => 1.1, '@propagate' => "String"})}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidPropagateValue)
        end
      end

      context "@import" do
        before(:each) {JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)}
        it "generates an InvalidImportValue error if not a string" do
          expect {subject.parse({'@version' => 1.1, '@import' => true})}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidImportValue)
        end

        it "retrieves remote context" do
          expect(JSON::LD::API).to receive(:documentLoader).with("http://example.com/context", anything).and_yield(remote_doc)
          ec = subject.parse(JSON.parse %({
            "@version": 1.1,
            "@import": "http://example.com/context"
          }))
          expect(ec.term_definitions).to include("avatar")
        end
      end
    end

    describe "Syntax Errors" do
      {
        "malformed JSON" => StringIO.new(%q({"@context": {"foo" "http://malformed/"})),
        "no @id, @type, or @container" => {"foo" => {}},
        "value as array" => {"foo" => []},
        "@id as object" => {"foo" => {"@id" => {}}},
        "@id as array of object" => {"foo" => {"@id" => [{}]}},
        "@id as array of null" => {"foo" => {"@id" => [nil]}},
        "@type as object" => {"foo" => {"@type" => {}}},
        "@type as array" => {"foo" => {"@type" => []}},
        "@type as @list" => {"foo" => {"@type" => "@list"}},
        "@type as @none" => {"@version" => 1.1, "foo" => {"@type" => "@none"}},
        "@type as @set" => {"foo" => {"@type" => "@set"}},
        "@container as object" => {"foo" => {"@container" => {}}},
        "@container as empty array" => {"foo" => {"@container" => []}},
        "@container as string" => {"foo" => {"@container" => "true"}},
        "@context which is invalid" => {"foo" => {"@context" => {"bar" => []}}},
        "@language as @id" => {"@language" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/"}},
        "@direction as foo" => {"@direction" => "foo"},
        "@vocab as @id" => {"@vocab" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/"}},
        "@prefix string" => {"foo" => {"@id" => 'http://example.org/', "@prefix" => "str"}},
        "@prefix array" => {"foo" => {"@id" => 'http://example.org/', "@prefix" => []}},
        "@prefix object" => {"foo" => {"@id" => 'http://example.org/', "@prefix" => {}}},
        "IRI term expands to different IRI" => {
          "ex" => "http://example.com/",
          "ex2" => "http://example.com/2/",
          "ex:foo" => "ex2:foo"
      },
        "IRI term expands to different IRI (reverse)" => {
          "ex" => "http://example.com/",
          "ex2" => "http://example.com/2/",
          "ex:foo" => {"@reverse" => "ex2:foo"}
        }
      }.each do |title, context|
        it title do
          expect {
            ec = subject.parse(context)
            expect(ec.serialize).to produce({}, logger)
          }.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError)
        end
      end

      context "1.0" do
        let(:context) {JSON::LD::Context.new(logger: logger, validate: true, processingMode: 'json-ld-1.0')}
        {
          "@context" => {"foo" => {"@id" => 'http://example.org/', "@context" => {}}},
          "@container @id" => {"foo" => {"@container" => "@id"}},
          "@container @type" => {"foo" => {"@container" => "@type"}},
          "@nest" => {"foo" => {"@id" => 'http://example.org/', "@nest" => "@nest"}},
          "@type as @none" => {"foo" => {"@type" => "@none"}},
          "@type as @json" => {"foo" => {"@type" => "@json"}},
          "@prefix" => {"foo" => {"@id" => 'http://example.org/', "@prefix" => true}},
        }.each do |title, context|
          it title do
            expect {
              ec = subject.parse(context)
              expect(ec.serialize).to produce({}, logger)
            }.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError)
          end
        end

        it "generates InvalidContextEntry if using @propagate" do
          expect {context.parse({'@propagate' => true})}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidContextEntry)
        end

        it "generates InvalidContextEntry if using @import" do
          expect {context.parse({'@import' => "location"})}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidContextEntry)
        end

        (JSON::LD::KEYWORDS - %w(@base @language @version @protected @propagate @vocab)).each do |kw|
          it "does not redefine #{kw} with an @container" do
            expect {
              ec = subject.parse({kw => {"@container" => "@set"}})
              expect(ec.serialize).to produce({}, logger)
            }.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError)
          end
        end
      end

      (JSON::LD::KEYWORDS - %w(@base @direction @language @protected @propagate @import @version @vocab)).each do |kw|
        it "does not redefine #{kw} as a string" do
          expect {
            ec = subject.parse({kw => "http://example.com/"})
            expect(ec.serialize).to produce({}, logger)
          }.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError)
        end

        it "does not redefine #{kw} with an @id" do
          expect {
            ec = subject.parse({kw => {"@id" => "http://example.com/"}})
            expect(ec.serialize).to produce({}, logger)
          }.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError)
        end

        it "does not redefine #{kw} with an @container" do
          expect {
            ec = subject.parse({"@version" => 1.1, kw => {"@container" => "@set"}})
            expect(ec.serialize).to produce({}, logger)
          }.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError)
        end unless kw == '@type'

        it "redefines #{kw} with an @container" do
          ec = subject.parse({kw => {"@container" => "@set"}})
          expect(ec.as_array('@type')).to be_truthy
        end if kw == '@type'
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#processingMode" do
    it "sets to json-ld-1.1 if @version: 1.1" do
      [
        %({"@version": 1.1}),
        %([{"@version": 1.1}]),
      ].each do |str|
        ctx = JSON::LD::Context.parse(::JSON.parse(str))
        expect(ctx.processingMode).to eql "json-ld-1.1"
      end
    end

    it "raises InvalidVersionValue if @version out of scope" do
      [
        "1.1",
        "1.0",
        1.0,
        "foo"
      ].each do |vers|
        expect {JSON::LD::Context.parse({"@version" => vers})}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidVersionValue)
      end
    end

    it "raises ProcessingModeConflict if provided processing mode conflicts with context" do
      expect {JSON::LD::Context.parse({"@version" => 1.1}, processingMode: "json-ld-1.0")}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::ProcessingModeConflict)
    end

    it "does not raise ProcessingModeConflict nested context is different from starting context" do
      expect {JSON::LD::Context.parse([{}, {"@version" => 1.1}])}.not_to raise_error
    end
  end

  describe "#merge" do
    it "creates a new context with components of each" do
      c2 = JSON::LD::Context.parse({'foo' => "http://example.com/"})
      cm = context.merge(c2)
      expect(cm).not_to equal context
      expect(cm).not_to equal c2
      expect(cm.term_definitions).to eq c2.term_definitions
    end
  end

  describe "#serialize" do
    before {JSON::LD::Context.instance_variable_set(:@cache, nil)}
    it "context hash" do
      ctx = {"foo" => "http://example.com/"}

      ec = subject.parse(ctx)
      expect(ec.serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => ctx
      }, logger)
    end

    it "@language" do
      subject.default_language = "en"
      expect(subject.serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "@language" => "en"
        }
      }, logger)
      expect(subject.to_rb).not_to be_empty
    end

    it "@vocab" do
      subject.vocab = "http://example.com/"
      expect(subject.serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "@vocab" => "http://example.com/"
        }
      }, logger)
      expect(subject.to_rb).not_to be_empty
    end

    it "term mappings" do
      c = subject.
        parse({'foo' => "http://example.com/"})
      expect(c.serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "foo" => "http://example.com/"
        }
      }, logger)
      expect(c.to_rb).not_to be_empty
    end

    it "@context" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/", "@context" => {"bar" => "http://example.com/baz"}}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "foo" => {
            "@id" => "http://example.com/",
            "@context" => {"bar" => "http://example.com/baz"}
          }
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "@type with dependent prefixes in a single context" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        'xsd' => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
        'homepage' => {'@id' => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.homepage.to_s, '@type' => '@id'}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "xsd" => RDF::XSD.to_uri.to_s,
          "homepage" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.homepage.to_s, "@type" => "@id"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "@list with @id definition in a single context" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        'knows' => {'@id' => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, '@container' => '@list'}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@container" => "@list"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "@set with @id definition in a single context" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@container" => "@set"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@container" => "@set"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "@language with @id definition in a single context" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "name" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.name.to_s, "@language" => "en"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "name" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.name.to_s, "@language" => "en"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "@language with @id definition in a single context and equivalent default" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "@language" => 'en',
        "name" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.name.to_s, "@language" => 'en'}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "@language" => 'en',
          "name" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.name.to_s, "@language" => 'en'}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "@language with @id definition in a single context and different default" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "@language" => 'en',
        "name" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.name.to_s, "@language" => "de"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "@language" => 'en',
          "name" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.name.to_s, "@language" => "de"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "null @language with @id definition in a single context and default" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "@language" => 'en',
        "name" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.name.to_s, "@language" => nil}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "@language" => 'en',
          "name" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.name.to_s, "@language" => nil}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "prefix with @type and @list" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@type" => "@id", "@container" => "@list"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@type" => "@id", "@container" => "@list"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "prefix with @type and @set" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@type" => "@id", "@container" => "@set"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@type" => "@id", "@container" => "@set"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "prefix with @type @json" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@type" => "@json"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@type" => "@json"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "Compact IRI with @type" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "foaf" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.to_uri.to_s,
        "foaf:knows" => {
          "@container" => "@list"
        }
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "foaf" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.to_uri.to_s,
          "foaf:knows" => {
            "@container" => "@list"
          }
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "does not use aliased @id in key position" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "id" => "@id",
        "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@container" => "@list"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "id" => "@id",
          "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@container" => "@list"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "does not use aliased @id in value position" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "foaf" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.to_uri.to_s,
        "id" => "@id",
        "foaf:homepage" => {
          "@type" => "@id"
        }
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "foaf" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.to_uri.to_s,
          "id" => "@id",
          "foaf:homepage" => {
            "@type" => "@id"
          }
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "does not use aliased @type" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "foaf" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.to_uri.to_s,
        "type" => "@type",
        "foaf:homepage" => {"@type" => "@id"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "foaf" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.to_uri.to_s,
          "type" => "@type",
          "foaf:homepage" => {"@type" => "@id"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "does not use aliased @container" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "container" => "@container",
        "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@container" => "@list"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "container" => "@container",
          "knows" => {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.knows.to_s, "@container" => "@list"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "compacts IRIs to Compact IRIs" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "ex" => 'http://example.org/',
        "term" => {"@id" => "ex:term", "@type" => "ex:datatype"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "ex" => 'http://example.org/',
          "term" => {"@id" => "ex:term", "@type" => "ex:datatype"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    it "compacts IRIs using @vocab" do
      expect(subject.parse({
        "@vocab" => 'http://example.org/',
        "term" => {"@id" => "http://example.org/term", "@type" => "datatype"}
      }).
      serialize).to produce({
        "@context" => {
          "@vocab" => 'http://example.org/',
          "term" => {"@type" => "datatype"}
        }
      }, logger)
    end

    context "invalid term definitions" do
      {
        "empty term": {
          input: {"" => "http://blank-term/"}
        },
        "extra key": {
          input: {"foo" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/foo", "@baz" => "foobar"}}
        }
      }.each do |title, params|
        it title do
          expect {subject.parse(params[:input])}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidTermDefinition)
        end
      end
    end

  end

  describe "#base=" do
    subject {
      context.parse({
        '@base' => 'http://base/',
        '@vocab' => 'http://vocab/',
        'ex' => 'http://example.org/',
        '_' => 'http://underscore/'
      })
    }

    it "sets new base uri given an absolute uri" do
      subject.base = "http://example.org/"
      expect(subject.base).to eql RDF::URI("http://example.org/")
    end

    it "sets relative URI" do
      subject.base = "foo/bar"
      expect(subject.base).to eql RDF::URI("http://base/foo/bar")
    end
  end

  describe "#vocab=" do
    subject {
      context.parse({
        '@base' => 'http://base/resource',
      })
    }

    it "sets vocab from absolute iri" do
      subject.vocab = "http://example.org/"
      expect(subject.vocab).to eql RDF::URI("http://example.org/")
    end

    it "sets vocab from empty string" do
      subject.vocab = ""
      expect(subject.vocab).to eql RDF::URI("http://base/resource")
    end

    it "sets vocab to blank node (with deprecation)" do
      expect do
        subject.vocab = "_:bn"
      end.to write("[DEPRECATION]").to(:error)
      expect(subject.vocab).to eql "_:bn"
    end

    it "sets vocab from relative IRI" do
      subject.vocab = "relative#"
      expect(subject.vocab).to eql RDF::URI("http://base/relative#")
    end

    it "sets vocab from relative IRI given an existing vocab" do
      subject.vocab = "http://example.org/."
      subject.vocab = "relative#"
      expect(subject.vocab).to eql RDF::URI("http://example.org/.relative#")
    end

    it "sets vocab from relative IRI given an existing vocab which is also relative" do
      subject.vocab = "/rel1"
      subject.vocab = "rel2#"
      expect(subject.vocab).to eql RDF::URI("http://base/rel1rel2#")
    end
  end

  describe "#expand_iri" do
    subject {
      context.parse({
        '@base' => 'http://base/base',
        '@vocab' => 'http://vocab/',
        'ex' => 'http://example.org/',
        '_' => 'http://underscore/'
      })
    }

    it "bnode" do
      expect(subject.expand_iri("_:a")).to be_a(RDF::Node)
    end

    context "keywords" do
      %w(id type).each do |kw|
        it "expands #{kw} to @#{kw}" do
          subject.set_mapping(kw, "@#{kw}")
          expect(subject.expand_iri(kw, vocab: true)).to produce("@#{kw}", logger)
        end
      end
    end

    context "relative IRI" do
      context "with no options" do
        {
          "absolute IRI" =>  ["http://example.org/", RDF::URI("http://example.org/")],
          "term" =>          ["ex",                  RDF::URI("ex")],
          "prefix:suffix" => ["ex:suffix",           RDF::URI("http://example.org/suffix")],
          "#frag"         => ["#frag",               RDF::URI("#frag")],
          "#frag:2"       => ["#frag:2",             RDF::URI("#frag:2")],
          "keyword" =>       ["@type",               "@type"],
          "unmapped" =>      ["foo",                 RDF::URI("foo")],
          "relative" =>      ["foo/bar",             RDF::URI("foo/bar")],
          "dotseg" =>        ["../foo/bar",          RDF::URI("../foo/bar")],
          "empty term" =>    ["",                    RDF::URI("")],
          "another abs IRI"=>["ex://foo",            RDF::URI("ex://foo")],
          "absolute IRI looking like a Compact IRI" =>
                             ["foo:bar",             RDF::URI("foo:bar")],
          "bnode" =>         ["_:t0",                RDF::Node("t0")],
          "_" =>             ["_",                   RDF::URI("_")],
          "@" =>             ["@",                   RDF::URI("@")],
        }.each do |title, (input, result)|
          it title do
            expect(subject.expand_iri(input)).to produce(result, logger)
          end
        end
      end

      context "with base IRI" do
        {
          "absolute IRI" =>  ["http://example.org/", RDF::URI("http://example.org/")],
          "term" =>          ["ex",                  RDF::URI("http://base/ex")],
          "prefix:suffix" => ["ex:suffix",           RDF::URI("http://example.org/suffix")],
          "#frag"         => ["#frag",               RDF::URI("http://base/base#frag")],
          "#frag:2"       => ["#frag:2",             RDF::URI("http://base/base#frag:2")],
          "keyword" =>       ["@type",               "@type"],
          "unmapped" =>      ["foo",                 RDF::URI("http://base/foo")],
          "relative" =>      ["foo/bar",             RDF::URI("http://base/foo/bar")],
          "dotseg" =>        ["../foo/bar",          RDF::URI("http://base/foo/bar")],
          "empty term" =>    ["",                    RDF::URI("http://base/base")],
          "another abs IRI"=>["ex://foo",            RDF::URI("ex://foo")],
          "absolute IRI looking like a compact IRI" =>
                             ["foo:bar",             RDF::URI("foo:bar")],
          "bnode" =>         ["_:t0",                RDF::Node("t0")],
          "_" =>             ["_",                   RDF::URI("http://base/_")],
          "@" =>             ["@",                   RDF::URI("http://base/@")],
        }.each do |title, (input, result)|
          it title do
            expect(subject.expand_iri(input, documentRelative: true)).to produce(result, logger)
          end
        end
      end

      context "@vocab" do
        {
          "absolute IRI" =>  ["http://example.org/", RDF::URI("http://example.org/")],
          "term" =>          ["ex",                  RDF::URI("http://example.org/")],
          "prefix:suffix" => ["ex:suffix",           RDF::URI("http://example.org/suffix")],
          "#frag"         => ["#frag",               RDF::URI("http://vocab/#frag")],
          "#frag:2"       => ["#frag:2",             RDF::URI("http://vocab/#frag:2")],
          "keyword" =>       ["@type",               "@type"],
          "unmapped" =>      ["foo",                 RDF::URI("http://vocab/foo")],
          "relative" =>      ["foo/bar",             RDF::URI("http://vocab/foo/bar")],
          "dotseg" =>        ["../foo/bar",          RDF::URI("http://vocab/../foo/bar")],
          "another abs IRI"=>["ex://foo",            RDF::URI("ex://foo")],
          "absolute IRI looking like a compact IRI" =>
                             ["foo:bar",             RDF::URI("foo:bar")],
          "bnode" =>         ["_:t0",                RDF::Node("t0")],
          "_" =>             ["_",                   RDF::URI("http://underscore/")],
          "@" =>             ["@",                   RDF::URI("http://vocab/@")],
        }.each do |title, (input, result)|
          it title do
            expect(subject.expand_iri(input, vocab: true)).to produce(result, logger)
          end
        end

        context "set to ''" do
          subject {
            context.parse({
              '@base' => 'http://base/base',
              '@vocab' => '',
              'ex' => 'http://example.org/',
              '_' => 'http://underscore/'
            })
          }

          {
            "absolute IRI" =>  ["http://example.org/", RDF::URI("http://example.org/")],
            "term" =>          ["ex",                  RDF::URI("http://example.org/")],
            "prefix:suffix" => ["ex:suffix",           RDF::URI("http://example.org/suffix")],
            "#frag"         => ["#frag",               RDF::URI("http://base/base#frag")],
            "#frag:2"       => ["#frag:2",             RDF::URI("http://base/base#frag:2")],
            "keyword" =>       ["@type",               "@type"],
            "unmapped" =>      ["foo",                 RDF::URI("http://base/basefoo")],
            "relative" =>      ["foo/bar",             RDF::URI("http://base/basefoo/bar")],
            "dotseg" =>        ["../foo/bar",          RDF::URI("http://base/base../foo/bar")],
            "another abs IRI"=>["ex://foo",            RDF::URI("ex://foo")],
            "absolute IRI looking like a compact IRI" =>
                               ["foo:bar",             RDF::URI("foo:bar")],
            "bnode" =>         ["_:t0",                RDF::Node("t0")],
            "_" =>             ["_",                   RDF::URI("http://underscore/")],
          }.each do |title, (input, result)|
            it title do
              expect(subject.expand_iri(input, vocab: true)).to produce(result, logger)
            end
          end
        end

        it "expand-0110" do
          ctx = JSON::LD::Context.parse({
            "@base" => "http://example.com/some/deep/directory/and/file/",
            "@vocab" => "/relative"
          })
          expect(ctx.expand_iri("#fragment-works", vocab: true)).to produce("http://example.com/relative#fragment-works", logger)
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#compact_iri" do
    subject {
      c = context.parse({
        '@base'   => 'http://base/',
        "xsd"     => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
        'ex'      => 'http://example.org/',
        '_'       => 'http://underscore/',
        'rex'     => {'@reverse' => "ex"},
        'lex'     => {'@id' => 'ex', '@language' => 'en'},
        'tex'     => {'@id' => 'ex', '@type' => 'xsd:string'},
        'exp'     => {'@id' => 'ex:pert'},
        'experts' => {'@id' => 'ex:perts'},
      })
      logger.clear
      c
    }

    {
      "nil" => [nil, nil],
      "absolute IRI"  => ["http://example.com/", "http://example.com/"],
      "prefix:suffix" => ["ex:suffix",           "http://example.org/suffix"],
      "unmapped"      => ["foo",                 "foo"],
      "bnode"         => [JSON::LD::JsonLdError:: IRIConfusedWithPrefix, RDF::Node("a")],
      "relative"      => ["foo/bar",             "http://base/foo/bar"],
      "odd Compact IRI"=>["ex:perts",            "http://example.org/perts"]
    }.each do |title, (result, input)|
      it title do
        if result.is_a?(Class)
          expect {subject.compact_iri(input)}.to raise_error(result)
        else
          expect(subject.compact_iri(input)).to produce(result, logger)
        end
      end
    end

    context "with :vocab option" do
      {
        "absolute IRI"  => ["http://example.com/", "http://example.com/"],
        "prefix:suffix" => ["ex:suffix",           "http://example.org/suffix"],
        "keyword"       => ["@type",               "@type"],
        "unmapped"      => ["foo",                 "foo"],
        "bnode"         => [JSON::LD::JsonLdError:: IRIConfusedWithPrefix, RDF::Node("a")],
        "relative"      => ["http://base/foo/bar", "http://base/foo/bar"],
        "odd Compact IRI"=> ["experts",             "http://example.org/perts"]
      }.each do |title, (result, input)|
        it title do
          if result.is_a?(Class)
            expect {subject.compact_iri(input, vocab: true)}.to raise_error(result)
          else
            expect(subject.compact_iri(input, vocab: true)).to produce(result, logger)
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context "with @vocab" do
      before(:each) { subject.vocab = "http://example.org/"}

      {
        "absolute IRI"  => ["http://example.com/", "http://example.com/"],
        "prefix:suffix" => ["suffix",              "http://example.org/suffix"],
        "keyword"       => ["@type",               "@type"],
        "unmapped"      => ["foo",                 "foo"],
        "bnode"         => [JSON::LD::JsonLdError:: IRIConfusedWithPrefix, RDF::Node("a")],
        "relative"      => ["http://base/foo/bar", "http://base/foo/bar"],
        "odd Compact IRI"=> ["experts",             "http://example.org/perts"]
      }.each do |title, (result, input)|
        it title do
          if result.is_a?(Class)
            expect {subject.compact_iri(input, vocab: true)}.to raise_error(result)
          else
            expect(subject.compact_iri(input, vocab: true)).to produce(result, logger)
          end
        end
      end

      it "does not use @vocab if it would collide with a term" do
        subject.set_mapping("name", "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name")
        subject.set_mapping("ex", nil)
        expect(subject.compact_iri("http://example.org/name", vocab: true)).
          not_to produce("name", logger)
      end

      context "with @vocab: relative" do
        before(:each) {
          subject.vocab = nil
          subject.base = 'http://base/base'
        }

        {
          "absolute IRI"  => ["http://example.com/", "http://example.com/"],
          "prefix:suffix" => ["ex:suffix",           "http://example.org/suffix"],
          "keyword"       => ["@type",               "@type"],
          "unmapped"      => ["foo",                 "foo"],
          "bnode"         => [JSON::LD::JsonLdError:: IRIConfusedWithPrefix, RDF::Node("a")],
          "relative"      => ["http://base/foo/bar", "http://base/foo/bar"],
          "odd Compact IRI"=> ["experts",            "http://example.org/perts"]
        }.each do |title, (result, input)|
          it title do
            if result.is_a?(Class)
              expect {subject.compact_iri(input, vocab: true)}.to raise_error(result)
            else
              expect(subject.compact_iri(input, vocab: true)).to produce(result, logger)
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context "with value" do
      let(:ctx) do
        c = subject.parse({
          "xsd" => RDF::XSD.to_s,
          "plain" => "http://example.com/plain",
          "lang" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/lang", "@language" => "en"},
          "dir" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/dir", "@direction" => "ltr"},
          "langdir" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/langdir", "@language" => "en", "@direction" => "ltr"},
          "bool" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/bool", "@type" => "xsd:boolean"},
          "integer" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/integer", "@type" => "xsd:integer"},
          "double" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/double", "@type" => "xsd:double"},
          "date" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/date", "@type" => "xsd:date"},
          "id" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/id", "@type" => "@id"},
          'graph' => {'@id' => 'http://example.com/graph', '@container' => '@graph'},
          'json'    => {'@id' => 'http://example.com/json', '@type' => '@json'},

          "list_plain" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/plain", "@container" => "@list"},
          "list_lang" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/lang", "@language" => "en", "@container" => "@list"},
          "list_bool" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/bool", "@type" => "xsd:boolean", "@container" => "@list"},
          "list_integer" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/integer", "@type" => "xsd:integer", "@container" => "@list"},
          "list_double" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/double", "@type" => "xsd:double", "@container" => "@list"},
          "list_date" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/date", "@type" => "xsd:date", "@container" => "@list"},
          "list_id" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/id", "@type" => "@id", "@container" => "@list"},
          "list_graph" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/graph", "@type" => "@id", "@container" => "@list"},

          "set_plain" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/plain", "@container" => "@set"},
          "set_lang" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/lang", "@language" => "en", "@container" => "@set"},
          "set_bool" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/bool", "@type" => "xsd:boolean", "@container" => "@set"},
          "set_integer" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/integer", "@type" => "xsd:integer", "@container" => "@set"},
          "set_double" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/double", "@type" => "xsd:double", "@container" => "@set"},
          "set_date" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/date", "@type" => "xsd:date", "@container" => "@set"},
          "set_id" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/id", "@type" => "@id", "@container" => "@set"},
          'set_graph' => {'@id' => 'http://example.com/graph', '@container' => ['@graph', '@set']},

          "map_lang" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/lang", "@container" => "@language"},

          "set_map_lang" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/lang", "@container" => ["@language", "@set"]},
        })
        logger.clear
        c
      end

      # Prefered sets and maps over non sets or maps
      {
        "set_plain" => [{"@value" => "foo"}],
        "map_lang" => [{"@value" => "en", "@language" => "en"}],
        "set_bool" => [{"@value" => "true", "@type" => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean"}],
        "set_integer" => [{"@value" => "1", "@type" => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer"}],
        "set_id" => [{"@id" => "http://example.org/id"}],
        "graph" => [{"@graph" => [{"@id" => "http://example.org/id"}]}],
        'json' => [{"@value" => {"some" => "json"}, "@type" => "@json"}],
        'dir' => [{"@value" => "dir", "@direction" => "ltr"}],
        'langdir' => [{"@value" => "lang dir", "@language" => "en", "@direction" => "ltr"}],
      }.each do |prop, values|
        context "uses #{prop}" do
          values.each do |value|
            it "for #{value.inspect}" do
              expect(ctx.compact_iri("http://example.com/#{prop.sub(/^\w+_/, '')}", value: value, vocab: true)).
                to produce(prop, logger)
            end
          end
        end
      end

      # @language and @type with @list
      context "for @list" do
        {
          "list_plain"   => [
            [{"@value" => "foo"}],
            [{"@value" => "foo"}, {"@value" => "bar"}, {"@value" => "baz"}],
            [{"@value" => "foo"}, {"@value" => "bar"}, {"@value" => 1}],
            [{"@value" => "foo"}, {"@value" => "bar"}, {"@value" => 1.1}],
            [{"@value" => "foo"}, {"@value" => "bar"}, {"@value" => true}],
            [{"@value" => "foo"}, {"@value" => "bar"}, {"@value" => 1}],
            [{"@value" => "de", "@language" => "de"}, {"@value" => "jp", "@language" => "jp"}],
            [{"@value" => true}], [{"@value" => false}],
            [{"@value" => 1}], [{"@value" => 1.1}],
          ],
          "list_lang" => [[{"@value" => "en", "@language" => "en"}]],
          "list_bool" => [[{"@value" => "true", "@type" => RDF::XSD.boolean.to_s}]],
          "list_integer" => [[{"@value" => "1", "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}]],
          "list_double" => [[{"@value" => "1", "@type" => RDF::XSD.double.to_s}]],
          "list_date" => [[{"@value" => "2012-04-17", "@type" => RDF::XSD.date.to_s}]],
        }.each do |prop, values|
          context "uses #{prop}" do
            values.each do |value|
              it "for #{{"@list" => value}.inspect}" do
                expect(ctx.compact_iri("http://example.com/#{prop.sub(/^\w+_/, '')}", value: {"@list" => value}, vocab: true)).
                  to produce(prop, logger)
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context "Compact IRI compaction" do
      {
        "nil" => [nil, nil],
        "absolute IRI"  => ["http://example.com/", "http://example.com/"],
        "prefix:suffix" => ["ex:suffix",           "http://example.org/suffix"],
        "unmapped"      => ["foo",                 "foo"],
        "bnode"         => [JSON::LD::JsonLdError:: IRIConfusedWithPrefix, RDF::Node("a")],
        "relative"      => ["foo/bar",             "http://base/foo/bar"],
        "odd Compact IRI"=> ["ex:perts",            "http://example.org/perts"]
      }.each do |title, (result, input)|
        it title do
          if result.is_a?(Class)
            expect {subject.compact_iri(input)}.to raise_error(result)
          else
            expect(subject.compact_iri(input)).to produce(result, logger)
          end
        end
      end

      context "and @vocab" do
        before(:each) { subject.vocab = "http://example.org/"}

        {
          "absolute IRI"  => ["http://example.com/", "http://example.com/"],
          "prefix:suffix" => ["suffix",              "http://example.org/suffix"],
          "keyword"       => ["@type",               "@type"],
          "unmapped"      => ["foo",                 "foo"],
          "bnode"         => [JSON::LD::JsonLdError:: IRIConfusedWithPrefix, RDF::Node("a")],
          "relative"      => ["http://base/foo/bar", "http://base/foo/bar"],
          "odd Compact IRI"=> ["experts",             "http://example.org/perts"]
        }.each do |title, (result, input)|
          it title do
            if result.is_a?(Class)
              expect {subject.compact_iri(input, vocab: true)}.to raise_error(result)
            else
              expect(subject.compact_iri(input, vocab: true)).to produce(result, logger)
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context "compact-0018" do
      let(:ctx) do
        subject.parse(JSON.parse %({
          "id1": "http://example.com/id1",
          "type1": "http://example.com/t1",
          "type2": "http://example.com/t2",
          "@language": "de",
          "term": {
            "@id": "http://example.com/term"
          },
          "term1": {
            "@id": "http://example.com/term",
            "@container": "@list"
          },
          "term2": {
            "@id": "http://example.com/term",
            "@container": "@list",
            "@language": "en"
          },
          "term3": {
            "@id": "http://example.com/term",
            "@container": "@list",
            "@language": null
          },
          "term4": {
            "@id": "http://example.com/term",
            "@container": "@list",
            "@type": "type1"
          },
          "term5": {
            "@id": "http://example.com/term",
            "@container": "@list",
            "@type": "type2"
          }
        }))
      end

      {
        "term" => [
          '{ "@value": "v0.1", "@language": "de" }',
          '{ "@value": "v0.2", "@language": "en" }',
          '{ "@value": "v0.3"}',
          '{ "@value": 4}',
          '{ "@value": true}',
          '{ "@value": false}'
        ],
        "term1" => %q({
          "@list": [
            { "@value": "v1.1", "@language": "de" },
            { "@value": "v1.2", "@language": "en" },
            { "@value": "v1.3"},
            { "@value": 14},
            { "@value": true},
            { "@value": false}
          ]
        }),
        "term2" => %q({
          "@list": [
            { "@value": "v2.1", "@language": "en" },
            { "@value": "v2.2", "@language": "en" },
            { "@value": "v2.3", "@language": "en" },
            { "@value": "v2.4", "@language": "en" },
            { "@value": "v2.5", "@language": "en" },
            { "@value": "v2.6", "@language": "en" }
          ]
        }),
        "term3" => %q({
          "@list": [
            { "@value": "v3.1"},
            { "@value": "v3.2"},
            { "@value": "v3.3"},
            { "@value": "v3.4"},
            { "@value": "v3.5"},
            { "@value": "v3.6"}
          ]
        }),
        "term4" => %q({
          "@list": [
            { "@value": "v4.1", "@type": "http://example.com/t1" },
            { "@value": "v4.2", "@type": "http://example.com/t1" },
            { "@value": "v4.3", "@type": "http://example.com/t1" },
            { "@value": "v4.4", "@type": "http://example.com/t1" },
            { "@value": "v4.5", "@type": "http://example.com/t1" },
            { "@value": "v4.6", "@type": "http://example.com/t1" }
          ]
        }),
        "term5" => %q({
          "@list": [
            { "@value": "v5.1", "@type": "http://example.com/t2" },
            { "@value": "v5.2", "@type": "http://example.com/t2" },
            { "@value": "v5.3", "@type": "http://example.com/t2" },
            { "@value": "v5.4", "@type": "http://example.com/t2" },
            { "@value": "v5.5", "@type": "http://example.com/t2" },
            { "@value": "v5.6", "@type": "http://example.com/t2" }
          ]
        }),
      }.each do |term, value|
        [value].flatten.each do |v|
          it "Uses #{term} for #{v}" do
            expect(ctx.compact_iri("http://example.com/term", value: JSON.parse(v), vocab: true)).
              to produce(term, logger)
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context "compact-0020" do
      let(:ctx) do
        subject.parse({
          "ex" => "http://example.org/ns#",
          "ex:property" => {"@container" => "@list"}
        })
      end
      it "Compact @id that is a property IRI when @container is @list" do
        expect(ctx.compact_iri("http://example.org/ns#property", vocab: false)).
          to produce("ex:property", logger)
      end
    end

    context "compact-0041" do
      let(:ctx) do
        subject.parse({"name" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/property", "@container" => "@list"}})
      end
      it "Does not use @list with @index" do
        expect(ctx.compact_iri("http://example.com/property", value: {
          "@list" => ["one item"],
          "@index" => "an annotation"
        })).to produce("http://example.com/property", logger)
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#expand_value" do
    subject {
      ctx = context.parse({
        "dc" => RDF::Vocab::DC.to_uri.to_s,
        "ex" => "http://example.org/",
        "foaf" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.to_uri.to_s,
        "xsd" => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
        "foaf:age" => {"@type" => "xsd:integer"},
        "foaf:knows" => {"@type" => "@id"},
        "dc:created" => {"@type" => "xsd:date"},
        "ex:integer" => {"@type" => "xsd:integer"},
        "ex:double" => {"@type" => "xsd:double"},
        "ex:boolean" => {"@type" => "xsd:boolean"},
        "ex:none" => {"@type" => "@none"},
        "ex:json" => {"@type" => "@json"}
      })
      logger.clear
      ctx
    }

    %w(boolean integer string dateTime date time).each do |dt|
      it "expands datatype xsd:#{dt}" do
        expect(subject.expand_value("foo", RDF::XSD[dt])).to produce({"@id" => "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema##{dt}"}, logger)
      end
    end

    {
      "absolute IRI" =>   ["foaf:knows",  "http://example.com/",  {"@id" => "http://example.com/"}],
      "term" =>           ["foaf:knows",  "ex",                   {"@id" => "ex"}],
      "prefix:suffix" =>  ["foaf:knows",  "ex:suffix",            {"@id" => "http://example.org/suffix"}],
      "no IRI" =>         ["foo",         "http://example.com/",  {"@value" => "http://example.com/"}],
      "no term" =>        ["foo",         "ex",                   {"@value" => "ex"}],
      "no prefix" =>      ["foo",         "ex:suffix",            {"@value" => "ex:suffix"}],
      "integer" =>        ["foaf:age",    "54",                   {"@value" => "54", "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
      "date " =>          ["dc:created",  "2011-12-27Z",          {"@value" => "2011-12-27Z", "@type" => RDF::XSD.date.to_s}],
      "native boolean" => ["foo", true,                           {"@value" => true}],
      "native integer" => ["foo", 1,                              {"@value" => 1}],
      "native double" =>  ["foo", 1.1e1,                          {"@value" => 1.1E1}],
      "native date" =>    ["foo", Date.parse("2011-12-27"),       {"@value" => "2011-12-27", "@type" => RDF::XSD.date.to_s}],
      "native dateTime" =>["foo", DateTime.parse("2011-12-27T10:11:12Z"), {"@value" => "2011-12-27T10:11:12Z", "@type" => RDF::XSD.dateTime.to_s}],
      "rdf boolean" =>    ["foo", RDF::Literal(true),             {"@value" => "true", "@type" => RDF::XSD.boolean.to_s}],
      "rdf integer" =>    ["foo", RDF::Literal(1),                {"@value" => "1", "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
      "rdf decimal" =>    ["foo", RDF::Literal::Decimal.new(1.1), {"@value" => "1.1", "@type" => RDF::XSD.decimal.to_s}],
      "rdf double" =>     ["foo", RDF::Literal::Double.new(1.1),  {"@value" => "1.1E0", "@type" => RDF::XSD.double.to_s}],
      "rdf URI" =>        ["foo", RDF::URI("foo"),                {"@id" => "foo"}],
      "rdf date " =>      ["foo", RDF::Literal(Date.parse("2011-12-27")), {"@value" => "2011-12-27", "@type" => RDF::XSD.date.to_s}],
      "rdf nonNeg" =>     ["foo", RDF::Literal::NonNegativeInteger.new(1), {"@value" => "1", "@type" => RDF::XSD.nonNegativeInteger}],
      "rdf float" =>      ["foo", RDF::Literal::Float.new(1.0),   {"@value" => "1.0", "@type" => RDF::XSD.float}],
      "ex:none string" => ["ex:none", "foo",                      {"@value" => "foo"}],
      "ex:none boolean" =>["ex:none", true,                       {"@value" => true}],
      "ex:none integer" =>["ex:none", 1,                          {"@value" => 1}],
      "ex:none double" => ["ex:none", 1.1e1,                      {"@value" => 1.1E1}],
      "ex:json string" => ["ex:json", "foo",                      {"@value" => "foo", "@type" => "@json"}],
      "ex:json boolean" =>["ex:json", true,                       {"@value" => true, "@type" => "@json"}],
      "ex:json integer" =>["ex:json", 1,                          {"@value" => 1, "@type" => "@json"}],
      "ex:json double" => ["ex:json", 1.1e1,                      {"@value" => 1.1e1, "@type" => "@json"}],
      "ex:json object" => ["ex:json", {"foo" => "bar"},           {"@value" => {"foo" => "bar"}, "@type" => "@json"}],
      "ex:json array" =>  ["ex:json", [{"foo" => "bar"}],         {"@value" => [{"foo" => "bar"}], "@type" => "@json"}],
    }.each do |title, (key, compacted, expanded)|
      it title do
        expect(subject.expand_value(key, compacted)).to produce(expanded, logger)
      end
    end

    context "@language" do
      before(:each) {subject.default_language = "en"}
      {
        "no IRI" =>         ["foo",         "http://example.com/",  {"@value" => "http://example.com/", "@language" => "en"}],
        "no term" =>        ["foo",         "ex",                   {"@value" => "ex", "@language" => "en"}],
        "no prefix" =>      ["foo",         "ex:suffix",            {"@value" => "ex:suffix", "@language" => "en"}],
        "native boolean" => ["foo",         true,                   {"@value" => true}],
        "native integer" => ["foo",         1,                      {"@value" => 1}],
        "native double" =>  ["foo",         1.1,                    {"@value" => 1.1}],
      }.each do |title, (key, compacted, expanded)|
        it title do
          expect(subject.expand_value(key, compacted)).to produce(expanded, logger)
        end
      end
    end

    context "coercion" do
      before(:each) {subject.default_language = "en"}
      {
        "boolean-boolean" => ["ex:boolean", true,   {"@value" => true, "@type" => RDF::XSD.boolean.to_s}],
        "boolean-integer" => ["ex:integer", true,   {"@value" => true, "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
        "boolean-double"  => ["ex:double",  true,   {"@value" => true, "@type" => RDF::XSD.double.to_s}],
        "boolean-json"    => ["ex:json",   true,    {"@value" => true, "@type" => '@json'}],
        "double-boolean"  => ["ex:boolean", 1.1,    {"@value" => 1.1, "@type" => RDF::XSD.boolean.to_s}],
        "double-double"   => ["ex:double",  1.1,    {"@value" => 1.1, "@type" => RDF::XSD.double.to_s}],
        "double-integer"  => ["foaf:age",   1.1,    {"@value" => 1.1, "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
        "double-json"     => ["ex:json",   1.1,     {"@value" => 1.1, "@type" => '@json'}],
        "json-json"       => ["ex:json",   {"foo" => "bar"}, {"@value" => {"foo" => "bar"}, "@type" => '@json'}],
        "integer-boolean" => ["ex:boolean", 1,      {"@value" => 1, "@type" => RDF::XSD.boolean.to_s}],
        "integer-double"  => ["ex:double",  1,      {"@value" => 1, "@type" => RDF::XSD.double.to_s}],
        "integer-integer" => ["foaf:age",   1,      {"@value" => 1, "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
        "integer-json"    => ["ex:json",   1,       {"@value" => 1, "@type" => '@json'}],
        "string-boolean"  => ["ex:boolean", "foo",  {"@value" => "foo", "@type" => RDF::XSD.boolean.to_s}],
        "string-double"   => ["ex:double",  "foo",  {"@value" => "foo", "@type" => RDF::XSD.double.to_s}],
        "string-integer"  => ["foaf:age",   "foo",  {"@value" => "foo", "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
        "string-json"     => ["ex:json",   "foo",   {"@value" => "foo", "@type" => '@json'}],
      }.each do |title, (key, compacted, expanded)|
        it title do
          expect(subject.expand_value(key, compacted)).to produce(expanded, logger)
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#compact_value" do
    let(:ctx) do
      c = context.parse({
        "dc"         => RDF::Vocab::DC.to_uri.to_s,
        "ex"         => "http://example.org/",
        "foaf"       => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.to_uri.to_s,
        "xsd"        => RDF::XSD.to_s,
        "langmap"    => {"@id" => "http://example.com/langmap", "@container" => "@language"},
        "list"       => {"@id" => "http://example.org/list", "@container" => "@list"},
        "nolang"     => {"@id" => "http://example.org/nolang", "@language" => nil},
        "dc:created" => {"@type" => RDF::XSD.date.to_s},
        "foaf:age"   => {"@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s},
        "foaf:knows" => {"@type" => "@id"},
        "ex:none"    => {"@type" => "@none"},
      })
      logger.clear
      c
    end
    subject {ctx}

    {
      "absolute IRI" =>   ["foaf:knows",  "http://example.com/",  {"@id" => "http://example.com/"}],
      "prefix:suffix" =>  ["foaf:knows",  "ex:suffix",            {"@id" => "http://example.org/suffix"}],
      "integer" =>        ["foaf:age",    "54",                   {"@value" => "54", "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
      "date " =>          ["dc:created",  "2011-12-27Z",          {"@value" => "2011-12-27Z", "@type" => RDF::XSD.date.to_s}],
      "no IRI" =>         ["foo", {"@id" =>"http://example.com/"},{"@id" => "http://example.com/"}],
      "no IRI (Compact IRI)" => ["foo", {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.Person.to_s},       {"@id" => RDF::Vocab::FOAF.Person.to_s}],
      "no boolean" =>     ["foo", {"@value" => "true", "@type" => "xsd:boolean"},{"@value" => "true", "@type" => RDF::XSD.boolean.to_s}],
      "no integer" =>     ["foo", {"@value" => "54", "@type" => "xsd:integer"},{"@value" => "54", "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
      "no date " =>       ["foo", {"@value" => "2011-12-27Z", "@type" => "xsd:date"}, {"@value" => "2011-12-27Z", "@type" => RDF::XSD.date.to_s}],
      "no string " =>     ["foo", "string",                       {"@value" => "string"}],
      "no lang " =>       ["nolang", "string",                    {"@value" => "string"}],
      "native boolean" => ["foo", true,                           {"@value" => true}],
      "native integer" => ["foo", 1,                              {"@value" => 1}],
      "native integer(list)"=>["list", 1,                         {"@value" => 1}],
      "native double" =>  ["foo", 1.1e1,                          {"@value" => 1.1E1}],
      "ex:none IRI" =>    ["ex:none", {"@id" => "http://example.com/"},  {"@id" => "http://example.com/"}],
      "ex:none string" => ["ex:none", {"@value" => "string"},     {"@value" => "string"}],
      "ex:none integer" =>["ex:none", {"@value" => "54", "@type" => "xsd:integer"}, {"@value" => "54", "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
    }.each do |title, (key, compacted, expanded)|
      it title do
        expect(subject.compact_value(key, expanded)).to produce(compacted, logger)
      end
    end

    context "@language" do
      {
        "@id"                            => ["foo", {"@id" => "foo"},                                 {"@id" => "foo"}],
        "integer"                        => ["foo", {"@value" => "54", "@type" => "xsd:integer"},     {"@value" => "54", "@type" => RDF::XSD.integer.to_s}],
        "date"                           => ["foo", {"@value" => "2011-12-27Z","@type" => "xsd:date"},{"@value" => "2011-12-27Z", "@type" => RDF::XSD.date.to_s}],
        "no lang"                        => ["foo", {"@value" => "foo"  },                            {"@value" => "foo"}],
        "same lang"                      => ["foo", "foo",                                            {"@value" => "foo", "@language" => "en"}],
        "other lang"                     => ["foo",  {"@value" => "foo", "@language" => "bar"},       {"@value" => "foo", "@language" => "bar"}],
        "langmap"                        => ["langmap", "en",                                         {"@value" => "en", "@language" => "en"}],
        "no lang with @type coercion"    => ["dc:created", {"@value" => "foo"},                       {"@value" => "foo"}],
        "no lang with @id coercion"      => ["foaf:knows", {"@value" => "foo"},                       {"@value" => "foo"}],
        "no lang with @language=null"    => ["nolang", "string",                                      {"@value" => "string"}],
        "same lang with @type coercion"  => ["dc:created", {"@value" => "foo"},                       {"@value" => "foo"}],
        "same lang with @id coercion"    => ["foaf:knows", {"@value" => "foo"},                       {"@value" => "foo"}],
        "other lang with @type coercion" => ["dc:created", {"@value" => "foo", "@language" => "bar"}, {"@value" => "foo", "@language" => "bar"}],
        "other lang with @id coercion"   => ["foaf:knows", {"@value" => "foo", "@language" => "bar"}, {"@value" => "foo", "@language" => "bar"}],
        "native boolean"                 => ["foo", true,                                             {"@value" => true}],
        "native integer"                 => ["foo", 1,                                                {"@value" => 1}],
        "native integer(list)"           => ["list", 1,                                               {"@value" => 1}],
        "native double"                  => ["foo", 1.1e1,                                            {"@value" => 1.1E1}],
      }.each do |title, (key, compacted, expanded)|
        it title do
          subject.default_language = "en"
          expect(subject.compact_value(key, expanded)).to produce(compacted, logger)
        end
      end
    end

    context "keywords" do
      before(:each) do
        subject.set_mapping("id", "@id")
        subject.set_mapping("type", "@type")
        subject.set_mapping("list", "@list")
        subject.set_mapping("set", "@set")
        subject.set_mapping("language", "@language")
        subject.set_mapping("literal", "@value")
      end

      {
        "@id" =>      [{"id" => "http://example.com/"},             {"@id" => "http://example.com/"}],
        "@type" =>    [{"literal" => "foo", "type" => "http://example.com/"},
                                                                    {"@value" => "foo", "@type" => "http://example.com/"}],
        "@value" =>   [{"literal" => "foo", "language" => "bar"},   {"@value" => "foo", "@language" => "bar"}],
      }.each do |title, (compacted, expanded)|
        it title do
          expect(subject.compact_value("foo", expanded)).to produce(compacted, logger)
        end
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#from_vocabulary" do
    it "must be described"
  end

  describe "#container" do
    subject {
      ctx = context.parse({
        "ex"          => "http://example.org/",
        "graph"       => {"@id" => "ex:graph", "@container" => "@graph"},
        "graphSet"    => {"@id" => "ex:graphSet", "@container" => ["@graph", "@set"]},
        "graphId"     => {"@id" => "ex:graphSet", "@container" => ["@graph", "@id"]},
        "graphIdSet"  => {"@id" => "ex:graphSet", "@container" => ["@graph", "@id", "@set"]},
        "graphNdx"    => {"@id" => "ex:graphSet", "@container" => ["@graph", "@index"]},
        "graphNdxSet" => {"@id" => "ex:graphSet", "@container" => ["@graph", "@index", "@set"]},
        "id"          => {"@id" => "ex:idSet", "@container" => "@id"},
        "idSet"       => {"@id" => "ex:id", "@container" => ["@id", "@set"]},
        "language"    => {"@id" => "ex:language", "@container" => "@language"},
        "langSet"     => {"@id" => "ex:languageSet", "@container" => ["@language", "@set"]},
        "list"        => {"@id" => "ex:list", "@container" => "@list"},
        "ndx"         => {"@id" => "ex:ndx", "@container" => "@index"},
        "ndxSet"      => {"@id" => "ex:ndxSet", "@container" => ["@index", "@set"]},
        "set"         => {"@id" => "ex:set", "@container" => "@set"},
        "type"        => {"@id" => "ex:type", "@container" => "@type"},
        "typeSet"     => {"@id" => "ex:typeSet", "@container" => ["@type", "@set"]},
      })
      logger.clear
      ctx
    }

    it "uses TermDefinition" do
      {
        "ex"          => Set.new,
        "graph"       => Set["@graph"],
        "graphSet"    => Set["@graph"],
        "graphId"     => Set["@graph", "@id"],
        "graphIdSet"  => Set["@graph", "@id"],
        "graphNdx"    => Set["@graph", "@index"],
        "graphNdxSet" => Set["@graph", "@index"],
        "id"          => Set['@id'],
        "idSet"       => Set['@id'],
        "language"    => Set['@language'],
        "langSet"     => Set['@language'],
        "list"        => Set['@list'],
        "ndx"         => Set['@index'],
        "ndxSet"      => Set['@index'],
        "set"         => Set.new,
        "type"        => Set['@type'],
        "typeSet"     => Set['@type'],
      }.each do |defn, container|
        expect(subject.container(subject.term_definitions[defn])).to eq container
      end
    end

    it "#as_array" do
      {
        "ex"          => false,
        "graph"       => false,
        "graphSet"    => true,
        "graphId"     => false,
        "graphIdSet"  => true,
        "graphNdx"    => false,
        "graphNdxSet" => true,
        "id"          => false,
        "idSet"       => true,
        "language"    => false,
        "langSet"     => true,
        "list"        => true,
        "ndx"         => false,
        "ndxSet"      => true,
        "set"         => true,
        "type"        => false,
        "typeSet"     => true,
      }.each do |defn, as_array|
        expect(subject.as_array?(subject.term_definitions[defn])).to eq as_array
      end
    end

    it "uses array" do
      {
        "ex"          => Set.new,
        "graph"       => Set["@graph"],
        "graphSet"    => Set["@graph"],
        "graphId"     => Set["@graph", "@id"],
        "graphIdSet"  => Set["@graph", "@id"],
        "graphNdx"    => Set["@graph", "@index"],
        "graphNdxSet" => Set["@graph", "@index"],
        "id"          => Set['@id'],
        "idSet"       => Set['@id'],
        "language"    => Set['@language'],
        "langSet"     => Set['@language'],
        "list"        => Set['@list'],
        "ndx"         => Set['@index'],
        "ndxSet"      => Set['@index'],
        "set"         => Set.new,
        "type"        => Set['@type'],
        "typeSet"     => Set['@type'],
      }.each do |defn, container|
        expect(subject.container(defn)).to eq container
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#language" do
    subject {
      ctx = context.parse({
        "ex" => "http://example.org/",
        "nil" => {"@id" => "ex:nil", "@language" => nil},
        "en" => {"@id" => "ex:en", "@language" => "en"},
      })
      logger.clear
      ctx
    }
    it "uses TermDefinition" do
      expect(subject.language(subject.term_definitions['ex'])).to be_falsey
      expect(subject.language(subject.term_definitions['nil'])).to be_falsey
      expect(subject.language(subject.term_definitions['en'])).to eq 'en'
    end

    it "uses string" do
      expect(subject.language('ex')).to be_falsey
      expect(subject.language('nil')).to be_falsey
      expect(subject.language('en')).to eq 'en'
    end
  end

  describe "#reverse?" do
    subject {
      ctx = context.parse({
        "ex" => "http://example.org/",
        "reverse" => {"@reverse" => "ex:reverse"},
      })
      logger.clear
      ctx
    }
    it "uses TermDefinition" do
      expect(subject.reverse?(subject.term_definitions['ex'])).to be_falsey
      expect(subject.reverse?(subject.term_definitions['reverse'])).to be_truthy
    end

    it "uses string" do
      expect(subject.reverse?('ex')).to be_falsey
      expect(subject.reverse?('reverse')).to be_truthy
    end
  end

  describe "#nest" do
    subject {
      ctx = context.parse({
        "ex"          => "http://example.org/",
        "nest"        => {"@id" => "ex:nest", "@nest" => "@nest"},
        "nest2"       => {"@id" => "ex:nest2", "@nest" => "nest-alias"},
        "nest-alias"  => "@nest"
      })
      logger.clear
      ctx
    }

    it "uses term" do
      {
        "ex"       => nil,
        "nest"     => "@nest",
        "nest2"      => "nest-alias",
        "nest-alias"  => nil,
      }.each do |defn, nest|
        expect(subject.nest(defn)).to eq nest
      end
    end

    context "detects error" do
      it "does not allow a keyword other than @nest for the value of @nest" do
        expect {
          context.parse({"no-keyword-nest" => {"@id" => "http://example/f", "@nest" => "@id"}})
        }.to raise_error JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidNestValue
      end

      it "does not allow @nest with @reverse" do
        expect {
          context.parse({"no-reverse-nest" => {"@reverse" => "http://example/f", "@nest" => "@nest"}})
        }.to raise_error JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidReverseProperty
      end
    end
  end

  describe "#reverse_term" do
    subject {
      ctx = context.parse({
        "ex" => "http://example.org/",
        "reverse" => {"@reverse" => "ex"},
      })
      logger.clear
      ctx
    }
    it "uses TermDefinition" do
      expect(subject.reverse_term(subject.term_definitions['ex'])).to eql subject.term_definitions['reverse']
      expect(subject.reverse_term(subject.term_definitions['reverse'])).to eql subject.term_definitions['ex']
    end

    it "uses string" do
      expect(subject.reverse_term('ex')).to eql subject.term_definitions['reverse']
      expect(subject.reverse_term('reverse')).to eql subject.term_definitions['ex']
    end
  end

  describe "protected contexts" do
    it "seals a term with @protected true" do
      ctx = context.parse({
        "protected" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/protected", "@protected" => true},
        "unprotected" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/unprotected"},
      })
      expect(ctx.term_definitions["protected"]).to be_protected
      expect(ctx.term_definitions["unprotected"]).not_to be_protected
    end

    it "seals all term with @protected true in context" do
      ctx = context.parse({
        "@protected" => true,
        "protected" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/protected"},
        "protected2" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/protected2"},
      })
      expect(ctx.term_definitions["protected"]).to be_protected
      expect(ctx.term_definitions["protected2"]).to be_protected
    end

    it "does not seal term with @protected: false when context is protected" do
      ctx = context.parse({
        "@protected" => true,
        "protected" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/protected"},
        "unprotected" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/unprotected", "@protected" => false},
      })
      expect(ctx.term_definitions["protected"]).to be_protected
      expect(ctx.term_definitions["unprotected"]).not_to be_protected
    end

    it "does not error when redefining an identical term" do
      c = {
        "protected" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/protected", "@protected" => true}
      }
      ctx = context.parse(c)

      expect {ctx.parse(c)}.not_to raise_error
    end

    it "errors when redefining a protected term" do
      ctx = context.parse({
        "protected" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/protected", "@protected" => true}
      })

      expect {ctx.parse({"protected" => "http://example.com/different"})}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::ProtectedTermRedefinition)
    end

    it "errors when clearing a context having protected terms" do
      ctx = context.parse({
        "protected" => {"@id" => "http://example.com/protected", "@protected" => true}
      })

      expect {ctx.parse(nil)}.to raise_error(JSON::LD::JsonLdError::InvalidContextNullification)
    end
  end

  describe JSON::LD::Context::TermDefinition do
    context "with nothing" do
      subject {described_class.new("term")}
      its(:term) {is_expected.to eq "term"}
      its(:id) {is_expected.to be_nil}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term"))}
    end

    context "with id" do
      subject {described_class.new("term", id: "http://example.org/term")}
      its(:term) {is_expected.to eq "term"}
      its(:id) {is_expected.to eq "http://example.org/term"}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term", id: "http://example.org/term"))}
    end

    context "with type_mapping" do
      subject {described_class.new("term", type_mapping: "http://example.org/type")}
      its(:type_mapping) {is_expected.to eq "http://example.org/type"}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term", type_mapping: "http://example.org/type"))}
    end

    context "with container_mapping @set" do
      subject {described_class.new("term", container_mapping: "@set")}
      its(:container_mapping) {is_expected.to be_empty}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term", container_mapping: "@set"))}
    end

    context "with container_mapping @id @set" do
      subject {described_class.new("term", container_mapping: %w(@id @set))}
      its(:container_mapping) {is_expected.to eq Set['@id']}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term", container_mapping: ["@id", "@set"]))}
    end

    context "with container_mapping @list" do
      subject {described_class.new("term", container_mapping: "@list")}
      its(:container_mapping) {is_expected.to eq Set['@list']}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term", container_mapping: "@list"))}
    end

    context "with language_mapping" do
      subject {described_class.new("term", language_mapping: "en")}
      its(:language_mapping) {is_expected.to eq "en"}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term", language_mapping: "en"))}
    end

    context "with reverse_property" do
      subject {described_class.new("term", reverse_property: true)}
      its(:reverse_property) {is_expected.to be_truthy}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term", reverse_property: true))}
    end

    context "with simple" do
      subject {described_class.new("term", simple: true)}
      its(:simple) {is_expected.to be_truthy}
      its(:to_rb) {is_expected.to eq %(TermDefinition.new("term", simple: true))}
    end
  end
end