z64yaz0.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

//version 1.0 (20050707)
//by shevious
//Thanks to thakis for yaz0dec 1.0.

typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned int u32;

#define MAX_RUNLEN (0xFF + 0x12)

// simple and straight encoding scheme for Yaz0
static u32
simpleEnc(u8 *src, int size, int pos, u32 *pMatchPos) {
    int startPos = pos - 0x1000;
    u32 numBytes = 1;
    u32 matchPos = 0;

    int end = size - pos;
    // maximum runlength for 3 byte encoding
    if (end > MAX_RUNLEN)
        end = MAX_RUNLEN;

    if (startPos < 0)
        startPos = 0;
    for (int i = startPos; i < pos; i++) {
        int j;
        for (j = 0; j < end; j++) {
            if (src[i + j] != src[j + pos])
                break;
        }
        if (j > numBytes) {
            numBytes = j;
            matchPos = i;
        }
    }

    *pMatchPos = matchPos;

    if (numBytes == 2)
        numBytes = 1;

    return numBytes;
}

// a lookahead encoding scheme for ngc Yaz0
static u32
nintendoEnc(u8 *src, int size, int pos, u32 *pMatchPos) {
    u32 numBytes = 1;
    static u32 numBytes1;
    static u32 matchPos;
    static int prevFlag = 0;

    // if prevFlag is set, it means that the previous position
    // was determined by look-ahead try.
    // so just use it. this is not the best optimization,
    // but nintendo's choice for speed.
    if (prevFlag == 1) {
        *pMatchPos = matchPos;
        prevFlag = 0;
        return numBytes1;
    }

    prevFlag = 0;
    numBytes = simpleEnc(src, size, pos, &matchPos);
    *pMatchPos = matchPos;

    // if this position is RLE encoded, then compare to copying 1 byte and next position(pos+1) encoding
    if (numBytes >= 3) {
        numBytes1 = simpleEnc(src, size, pos + 1, &matchPos);
        // if the next position encoding is +2 longer than current position, choose it.
        // this does not guarantee the best optimization, but fairly good optimization with speed.
        if (numBytes1 >= numBytes + 2) {
            numBytes = 1;
            prevFlag = 1;
        }
    }
    return numBytes;
}

static int
encodeYaz0(u8 *src, u8 *dst, int srcSize) {
    int srcPos = 0;
    int dstPos = 0;
    int bufPos = 0;

    u8 buf[24]; // 8 codes * 3 bytes maximum

    u32 validBitCount = 0; // number of valid bits left in "code" byte
    u8 currCodeByte = 0; // a bitfield, set bits meaning copy, unset meaning RLE

    while (srcPos < srcSize) {
        u32 numBytes;
        u32 matchPos;

        numBytes = nintendoEnc(src, srcSize, srcPos, &matchPos);
        if (numBytes < 3) {
            // straight copy
            buf[bufPos] = src[srcPos];
            bufPos++;
            srcPos++;
            //set flag for straight copy
            currCodeByte |= (0x80 >> validBitCount);
        } else {
            //RLE part
            u32 dist = srcPos - matchPos - 1;
            u8 byte1, byte2, byte3;

            if (numBytes >= 0x12) { // 3 byte encoding
                byte1 = 0 | (dist >> 8);
                byte2 = dist & 0xFF;
                buf[bufPos++] = byte1;
                buf[bufPos++] = byte2;
                // maximum runlength for 3 byte encoding
                if (numBytes > MAX_RUNLEN)
                    numBytes = MAX_RUNLEN;
                byte3 = numBytes - 0x12;
                buf[bufPos++] = byte3;
            } else { // 2 byte encoding
                byte1 = ((numBytes - 2) << 4) | (dist >> 8);
                byte2 = dist & 0xFF;
                buf[bufPos++] = byte1;
                buf[bufPos++] = byte2;
            }
            srcPos += numBytes;
        }

        validBitCount++;

        // write eight codes
        if (validBitCount == 8) {
            dst[dstPos++] = currCodeByte;
            for (int j = 0; j < bufPos; j++)
                dst[dstPos++] = buf[j];

            currCodeByte = 0;
            validBitCount = 0;
            bufPos = 0;
        }
    }

    if (validBitCount > 0) {
        dst[dstPos++] = currCodeByte;
        for (int j = 0; j < bufPos; j++)
            dst[dstPos++] = buf[j];

        currCodeByte = 0;
        validBitCount = 0;
        bufPos = 0;
    }

    return dstPos;
}

void
decompress(u8 *src, u8 *dst, int uncompressedSize) {
    int srcPlace = 0, dstPlace = 0; // current read/write positions

    u32 validBitCount = 0; // number of valid bits left in "code" byte
    u8 currCodeByte = 0;

    while (dstPlace < uncompressedSize) {
        // read new "code" byte if the current one is used up
        if (validBitCount == 0) {
            currCodeByte = src[srcPlace++];
            validBitCount = 8;
        }

        if ((currCodeByte & 0x80) != 0) {
            // straight copy
            dst[dstPlace++] = src[srcPlace++];
        } else {
            // RLE part
            u8 byte1 = src[srcPlace++];
            u8 byte2 = src[srcPlace++];

            u32 dist = ((byte1 & 0xF) << 8) | byte2;
            u32 copySource = dstPlace - (dist + 1);

            u32 numBytes = byte1 >> 4;
            if (numBytes == 0) {
                numBytes = src[srcPlace++] + 0x12;
            } else {
                numBytes += 2;
            }

            // copy run
            for(int i = 0; i < numBytes; ++i) {
                dst[dstPlace++] = dst[copySource++];
            }
        }

        // use next bit from "code" byte
        currCodeByte <<= 1;
        validBitCount--;
    }
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
        FILE *f = fopen(argv[i], "rb");

        if (f == NULL) {
            perror(argv[1]);
            exit(1);
        }

        fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
        long size = ftell(f);
        fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);

        u8 *bufi = malloc(size);
        fread(bufi, 1, size, f);

        fclose(f);

        if (size > 0x10
            && bufi[0] == 'Y'
            && bufi[1] == 'a'
            && bufi[2] == 'z'
            && bufi[3] == '0') {
            long usize = (bufi[4] << 24)
                | (bufi[5] << 16)
                | (bufi[6] << 8)
                | bufi[7];
            u8 *bufo = malloc(usize);
            decompress(bufi + 16, bufo, usize);
            fwrite(bufo, usize, 1, stdout);
            free(bufo);
        } else {
            // we don't know how big the "compressed" file could get,
            // so over-allocate!
            // modern systems have more RAM than the largest Yaz0 file, so...
            u8 *bufo = malloc(size * 2);

            // write 4 bytes yaz0 header
            bufo[0] = 'Y';
            bufo[1] = 'a';
            bufo[2] = 'z';
            bufo[3] = '0';

            // write 4 bytes uncompressed size
            bufo[4] = (size >> 24) & 0xFF;
            bufo[5] = (size >> 16) & 0xFF;
            bufo[6] = (size >> 8) & 0xFF;
            bufo[7] = (size >> 0) & 0xFF;

            // write 8 bytes unused dummy
            bufo[8] = 0;
            bufo[9] = 0;
            bufo[10] = 0;
            bufo[11] = 0;
            bufo[12] = 0;
            bufo[13] = 0;
            bufo[14] = 0;
            bufo[15] = 0;

            long csize = encodeYaz0(bufi, bufo + 16, size) + 16;

            // pad compressed file to be a multiple of 16 bytes.
            long ceilsize = (csize + 15) & ~0xF;
            for (long i = csize; i < ceilsize; i++) {
                bufo[i] = 0;
            }

            fwrite(bufo, ceilsize, 1, stdout);
            free(bufo);
        }
        free(bufi);
    }
}