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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html
prefix="
xhv: http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#
xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
vcard: http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#
v: http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#"
lang="en" >
<head>
<title>JSON-LD - JSON for Linking Data</title>
<!-- Meta Tags -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<!-- Style Sheets -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/bootstrap/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/bootstrap/bootstrap-responsive.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/bootstrap/font-awesome.css">
<style>
/** bootstrap 2.3.2 overrides **/
.alert.alert-success a {color: #3d9400; text-decoration: underline }
</style>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
<!-- Script tags -->
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-42886053-1', 'json-ld.org');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="navbar navbar-static-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="row-fluid">
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand active" href="#"><img src="images/json-ld-data-24.png" alt="JSON-LD logo"> JSON-LD</a>
<div class="nav-collapse">
<ul class="nav">
<li>
<a href="playground/"><span class="icon-beer"></span> Playground</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="learn.html"><span class="icon-book"></span> Documentation</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#developers"><span class="icon-beaker"></span> Developers</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">
<span class="icon-folder-open"></span> Specifications <b class="caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li class="nav-header"><strong>W3C Recommendations</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-api/">Processing Algorithms and API</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld-framing/">Framing</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="nav-header"><strong>Latest Drafts</strong></li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-syntax/">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/">Processing Algorithms and API</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-framing/">Framing</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-bp/">Best Practices</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-streaming/">Streaming</a></li>
<li><a href="https://json-ld.github.io/json-ld-star/">JSON-LD-star</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-cbor/">CBOR</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/w3c/json-ld-rc/">Recommended Context</a></li>
<li><a href="https://json-ld.github.io/yaml-ld/">YAML-LD</a></li>
<li><a href="/spec/">1.0 drafts (historic)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="images/"><span class="icon-picture"></span> Branding</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="hero-unit">
<h1>JSON for Linking Data</h1>
<br>
<p class="tagline">Data is messy and disconnected. JSON-LD organizes and
connects it, creating a better Web.</p>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="span3">
<h2><span class="icon-exchange"></span> Linked Data </h2>
<p class="text-justify">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_data">Linked Data</a>
empowers people that publish and use information on the Web. It is a
way to create a network of standards-based, machine-readable data across
Web sites. It allows an application to start at one piece of Linked Data,
and follow embedded links to other pieces of Linked Data that are hosted
on different sites across the Web.
</p>
</div>
<!-- End span -->
<div class="span6">
<h2 style="text-align: center;">A Simple Example</h2>
<pre>{
"<span style="color: rgb(255, 122, 0);">@context</span>": "<a href="https://json-ld.org/contexts/person.jsonld">https://json-ld.org/contexts/person.jsonld</a>",
"<span style="color: rgb(255, 122, 0);">@id</span>": "<a href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Lennon">http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Lennon</a>",
"<span style="color: rgb(255, 122, 0);">name</span>": "<span style="color: rgb(0, 148, 0);">John Lennon</span>",
"<span style="color: rgb(255, 122, 0);">born</span>": "<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 175);">1940-10-09</span>",
"<span style="color: rgb(255, 122, 0);">spouse</span>": "<a href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cynthia_Lennon">http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cynthia_Lennon</a>"
}</pre>
</div>
<!-- End span -->
<div class="span3">
<h2>
<span><img src="images/json-ld-data-32.png" alt="JSON-LD logo"></span> JSON-LD
</h2>
<p class="text-justify">JSON-LD is a lightweight Linked Data format. It
is easy for humans to read and write. It is based on the already
successful JSON format and provides a way to help JSON data interoperate
at Web-scale. JSON-LD is an ideal data format for programming
environments, REST Web services, and unstructured databases such as
Apache CouchDB and MongoDB.
</p>
</div>
<!-- End span -->
</div>
</div>
<br/><br/>
<div class="hero-unit">
<h2 style="text-align:center;"><span class="icon-beer icon-large"></span> Playground</h2>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<p class="text-justify offset2 span8">
The <strong>JSON-LD Playground</strong> is a web-based JSON-LD viewer and debugger.
If you are interested in learning JSON-LD, this tool will be of great help
to you. Developers may also use the tool to debug, visualize, and share
their JSON-LD markup.
</p>
<a class="btn" href="./playground/">Launch the JSON-LD Playground</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- End span -->
</div>
<div class="container">
<div id="developers" class="row">
<h1 class="span12" style="text-align: center;"> <span class="icon-cog"></span> Developers</h1>
</div>
<div id="developers-description" class="row">
<p class="offset2 span8" style="text-align: center;">JSON-LD is available in
a number of popular programming environments. Each implementation of JSON-LD
listed below is fully conforming to the official JSON-LD specifications.
</p>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Javascript</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/digitalbazaar/jsonld.js">
<span property="schema:name">jsonld.js</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/rubensworks/jsonld-streaming-parser.js">
<span property="schema:name">jsonld-streaming-parser.js</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/rubensworks/jsonld-streaming-serializer.js">
<span property="schema:name">jsonld-streaming-serializer.js</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/rubensworks/rdf-parse.js">
<span property="schema:name">rdf-parse.js</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Python</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/digitalbazaar/pyld">
<span property="schema:name">PyLD</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Python"></span>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib">
<span property="schema:name">RDFLib</span>
<span class="badge badge-info">1.0</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Python"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Ruby</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/ruby-rdf/json-ld/">
<span property="schema:name">JSON-LD for RDF.rb</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Ruby"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Go</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/piprate/json-gold">
<span property="schema:name">JSON-goLD</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Go"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Java</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/filip26/titanium-json-ld">
<span property="schema:name">Titanium</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Java"></span>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/jsonld-java/jsonld-java">
<span property="schema:name">JSONLD-JAVA</span>
<span class="badge badge-info">1.0</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Java"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>C#</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/dotnetrdf/dotnetrdf">
<span property="schema:name">dotNetRDF</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="C#"></span>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/linked-data-dotnet/json-ld.net">
<span property="schema:name">json-ld.net</span>
<span class="badge badge-info">1.0</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="C#"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Command Line</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/digitalbazaar/jsonld-cli">
<span property="schema:name">jsonld-cli</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="JavaScript"></span>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/filip26/ld-cli">
<span property="schema:name">ld-cli (Ubuntu, MacOS, Windows)</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Java"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Erlang / Elixir</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/marcelotto/jsonld-ex">
<span property="schema:name">jsonld-ex</span>
<span class="badge badge-info">1.0</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Erlang"></span>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Elixir"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>PHP</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/digitalbazaar/php-json-ld">
<span property="schema:name">php-json-ld</span>
<span class="badge badge-info">1.0</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="PHP"></span>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="http://m.lanthi.com/json-ld">
<span property="schema:name">JsonLD</span>
<span class="badge badge-info">1.0</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="PHP"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Work in Progress implemenations -->
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Rust</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/timothee-haudebourg/json-ld">
<span property="schema:name">json-ld</span>
<span class="badge">1.1 (<abbr title="Work In Progress">WIP</abbr>)</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Rust"></span>
</li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://crates.io/crates/sophia">
<span property="schema:name">sophia</span>
<span class="badge badge-success">1.1</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Rust"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Typescript</h3></li>
<li typeof="schema:SoftwareSourceCode">
<a property="schema:codeRepository" href="https://github.com/mattrglobal/jsonld-lint">
<span property="schema:name">jsonld-lint</span>
<span class="badge">1.1 (<abbr title="Work In Progress">WIP</abbr>)</span>
</a>
<span property="schema:programmingLanguage" content="Typescript"></span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="tests-description" class="row">
<p class="offset2 span8" style="text-align: center;">
The <a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/tests/">JSON-LD Test Suite</a> (and <a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-framing/tests/">Framing Test Suite</a>) is useful for validating JSON-LD Processors.
</p>
<p class="offset3 span6" style="text-align: center;">
Conformance of various processors is documented in the official <a href="https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/reports/">implementation report</a>.
</p>
</div>
<hr>
</div>
<!-- /container -->
<div class="container">
<div id="collaborating" class="row">
<h1 class="span12" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="icon-group"></span> Getting Help / Collaborating</h1>
</div>
<div id="collaborating-description" class="row">
<div class="offset2 span8" style="text-align: center;">
<strong>JSON-LD 1.1</strong> was being formally specified by the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/2018/json-ld-wg/"><strong>W3C JSON-LD Working Group</strong></a>.
Although the Working Group has completed, it remains open
as a <a href="https://www.w3.org/2020/08/json-ld-wg-charter.html">Maintanence Group</a> and may release revised specifications in the future.
To participate in this work, please <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/join">join the W3C</a>
and then join the Working Group.
The <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-json-ld-wg/">Working Group mailing list</a>
is visible to the public and participation in the
<a href="https://github.com/search?q=topic%3Ajson-ld-wg+org%3Aw3c&type=Repositories">specification repositories</a> is encouraged. Additionally, discussions and exploration continue
in the Community Group spaces mentioned below.
<hr />
</div>
<p class="offset2 span8" style="text-align: center;">
JSON-LD has been developed by the W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/community/json-ld/">JSON-LD Community Group</a>.
It is a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/">W3C Recommendation</a>
as of 16 January 2014. Participation is open
to the public. There is a <a href="https://github.com/json-ld">JSON-LD
GitHub repository</a>. If you need immediate help, we have a <a
href="https://irc.w3.org/?channels=#json-ld">#json-ld</a> IRC
support channel on irc.w3.org
and a <a href="https://gitter.im/json-ld/json-ld.org">Gitter channel</a>.
There is also a <a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-linked-json/">JSON-LD
mailing list</a>. All weekly meetings are open to the public, and are <a
href="https://json-ld.org/minutes/">minuted, recorded, and archived</a>. Listed below are all of the
communication tools that the community uses on a weekly basis.</p>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Code</h3></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/json-ld/json-ld.org">json-ld on GitHub</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well" style="padding: 8px 0;">
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li class="nav-header"><h3>Meetings</h3></li>
<li><a href="minutes/">Text and audio minutes</a></li>
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